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How to efficiently serve ever-larger trained natural language models in practice has become exceptionally challenging even for powerful cloud servers due to their prohibitive memory/computation requirements. In this work, we present an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Zhewei Yao , Reza Yazdani Aminabadi , Minjia Zhang , Xiaoxia Wu , Conglong Li , Yuxiong He

We consider the post-training quantization problem, which discretizes the weights of pre-trained deep neural networks without re-training the model. We propose multipoint quantization, a quantization method that approximates a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Xingchao Liu , Mao Ye , Dengyong Zhou , Qiang Liu

Quantizing a floating-point neural network to its fixed-point representation is crucial for Learned Image Compression (LIC) because it improves decoding consistency for interoperability and reduces space-time complexity for implementation.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Junqi Shi , Ming Lu , Zhan Ma

Strong reasoning capabilities can now be achieved by large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) without any supervised fine-tuning. Although post-training quantization (PTQ) and quantization-aware training (QAT) are well studied in the context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Medha Kumar , Zifei Xu , Xin Wang , Tristan Webb

Recently, vision transformers (ViTs) have superseded convolutional neural networks in numerous applications, including classification, detection, and segmentation. However, the high computational requirements of ViTs hinder their widespread…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jemin Lee , Yongin Kwon , Sihyeong Park , Misun Yu , Jeman Park , Hwanjun Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown an impressive capability in code generation. The LLM effectiveness generally increases with its size: The higher the number of LLM's trainable parameters the better its ability to implement code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Alessandro Giagnorio , Antonio Mastropaolo , Saima Afrin , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

Post-training quantization (PTQ) enables efficient deployment of large language models by mapping pretrained weights to low-bit formats without retraining, typically using a small calibration set to minimize a layer-wise calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Seohyeon Cha , Huancheng Chen , Dongjun Kim , Haoran Zhang , Kevin Chan , Gustavo de Veciana , Haris Vikalo

While neural networks have been remarkably successful in a wide array of applications, implementing them in resource-constrained hardware remains an area of intense research. By replacing the weights of a neural network with quantized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Jinjie Zhang , Yixuan Zhou , Rayan Saab

Inference for state-of-the-art deep neural networks is computationally expensive, making them difficult to deploy on constrained hardware environments. An efficient way to reduce this complexity is to quantize the weight parameters and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Julian Faraone , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott , Philip H. W. Leong

Microscaling Floating-Point (MXFP) has emerged as a promising low-precision format for large language models (LLMs). Despite various post-training quantization (PTQ) algorithms being proposed, they mostly focus on integer quantization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Manyi Zhang , Ji-Fu Li , Zhongao Sun , Haoli Bai , Hui-Ling Zhen , Zhenhua Dong , Xianzhi Yu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a widely adopted technique for compressing and accelerating Large Language Models (LLMs). The major challenge in LLM quantization is that uneven and heavy-tailed data distributions can expand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Xing Hu , Yuan Cheng , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Jiangyong Yu , Chen Xu , Zhe Jiang , Sifan Zhou

Although neural networks have made remarkable advancements in various applications, they require substantial computational and memory resources. Network quantization is a powerful technique to compress neural networks, allowing for more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Dawei Yang , Ning He , Xing Hu , Zhihang Yuan , Jiangyong Yu , Chen Xu , Zhe Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Integer AI inference significantly reduces computational complexity in embedded systems. Quantization-aware training (QAT) helps mitigate accuracy degradation associated with post-training quantization but still overlooks the impact of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Lion Mueller , Alberto Garcia-Ortiz , Ardalan Najafi , Adam Fuks , Lennart Bamberg

Model compression methods are used to reduce the computation and energy requirements for Large Language Models (LLMs). Quantization Aware Training (QAT), an effective model compression method, is proposed to reduce performance degradation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 He Li , Jianhang Hong , Yuanzhuo Wu , Snehal Adbol , Zonglin Li

One approach to reducing the massive costs of large language models (LLMs) is the use of quantized or sparse representations for training or deployment. While post-training compression methods are very popular, the question of obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Andrei Panferov , Jiale Chen , Soroush Tabesh , Roberto L. Castro , Mahdi Nikdan , Dan Alistarh

Lately, post-training quantization methods have gained considerable attention, as they are simple to use, and require only a small unlabeled calibration set. This small dataset cannot be used to fine-tune the model without significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Itay Hubara , Yury Nahshan , Yair Hanani , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their ability to understand multimodal input. However, their large parameter sizes and substantial computational demands severely hinder their practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 JiangYong Yu , Sifan Zhou , Dawei Yang , Shuo Wang , Shuoyu Li , Xing Hu , Chen Xu , Zukang Xu , Changyong Shu , Zhihang Yuan

Post-training weight quantization is crucial for reducing the memory and inference cost of large language models (LLMs), yet pushing the average precision below 4 bits remains challenging due to highly non-uniform weight sensitivity and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xinlin Li , Timothy Chou , Josh Fromm , Zichang Liu , Yunjie Pan , Christina Fragouli

Post-training quantization for reducing the storage of deep neural network models has been demonstrated to be an effective way in various tasks. However, low-bit quantization while maintaining model accuracy is a challenging problem. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bingtao Yang , Yujia Wang , Mengzhi Jiao , Hongwei Huo
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