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Large language models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have fueled a compelling narrative that reasoning universally improves performance across language tasks. We test this claim through a comprehensive evaluation of 504 configurations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Donghao Huang , Zhaoxia Wang

Financial markets are characterized by extreme non-stationarity, low signal-to-noise ratios, and strong dependence on external information such as news, company fundamentals, and macroeconomic signals. Yet, existing approaches either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jialin Chen , Aosong Feng , Harshit Verma , Siyi Gu , Haiwen Wang , Ali Maatouk , Yixuan He , Yifeng Gao , Leandros Tassiulas , Rex Ying

Understanding time series is crucial for its application in real-world scenarios. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to time series tasks, leveraging their strong language capabilities to enhance various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhe Xie , Zeyan Li , Xiao He , Longlong Xu , Xidao Wen , Tieying Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Rui Shi , Dan Pei

Time series analysis underpins many real-world applications, yet existing time-series-specific methods and pretrained large-model-based approaches remain limited in integrating intuitive visual reasoning and generalizing across tasks with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Weilin Ruan , Yuxuan Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have been introduced to time series forecasting (TSF) to incorporate contextual knowledge beyond numerical signals. However, existing studies question whether LLMs provide genuine benefits, often reporting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xin Qiu , Junlong Tong , Yirong Sun , Yunpu Ma , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Code reasoning refers to the task of predicting the output of a program given its source code and specific inputs. It can measure the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) and also benefit downstream tasks such as code…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhanyue Qin , Jia Feng , Yibo Lyu , Yun Peng , Dianbo Sui , Cuiyun Gao , Qing Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities but lack robust temporal intelligence, struggling to integrate reasoning about the past with predictions and plausible generations of the future. Meanwhile, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zijia Liu , Peixuan Han , Haofei Yu , Haoru Li , Jiaxuan You

Time series (TS) reasoning models (TSRMs) have shown promising capabilities in general domains, yet they consistently fail on financial domain, which exhibit unique characteristics. We propose a general 2x2 capability taxonomy for TSRMs by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Seunghan Lee , Jun Seo , Jaehoon Lee , Sungdong Yoo , Minjae Kim , Tae Yoon Lim , Dongwan Kang , Hwanil Choi , Soonyoung Lee , Wonbin Ahn

Prompting strategies affect LLM reasoning performance, but their role in chart-based QA remains underexplored. We present a systematic evaluation of four widely used prompting paradigms (Zero-Shot, Few-Shot, Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruthuparna Naikar , Ying Zhu

Test-time scaling (TTS) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional computation at inference, yet its application to multimodal systems such as…

The performance gains of LLMs have historically been driven by scaling up model size and training data. However, the rapidly diminishing availability of high-quality training data is introducing a fundamental bottleneck, shifting the focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhichao Wang , Cheng Wan , Dong Nie

The underperformance of existing multimodal large language models for time series reasoning lies in the absence of rationale priors that connect temporal observations to their downstream outcomes, which leads models to rely on superficial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Qingxiang Liu , Zhiqing Cui , Xiaoliang Luo , Yuqian Wu , Zhuoyang Jiang , Huaiyu Wan , Sheng Sun , Lvchun Wang , Wei Yu , Yuxuan Liang

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled numerous advances in understanding and reasoning in domains like vision, but we have not yet seen this broad success for time-series. Although prior works on time-series MLLMs have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Winnie Chow , Lauren Gardiner , Haraldur T. Hallgrímsson , Maxwell A. Xu , Shirley You Ren

Generative LLMs typically improve Named Entity Recognition (NER) performance through instruction tuning. They excel at generating entities by semantic pattern matching but lack an explicit, verifiable reasoning mechanism. This "cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hui Huang , Yanping Chen , Ruizhang Huang , Chuan Lin , Yongbin Qin

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute during inference. We conduct a structured survey of TTS methods and categorize them into sampling-based,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Ho-Lam Chung , Teng-Yun Hsiao , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Chunerh Cho , Jian-Ren Lin , Zhang Ziwei , Yun-Nung Chen

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) refers to approaches that improve reasoning performance by allocating extra computation during inference, without altering the model's parameters. While existing TTS methods operate in a discrete token space by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yige Xu , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Chunyan Miao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex tasks. Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have further improved performance in System-2 reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yang Sui , Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Jiamu Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Jiayi Yuan , Hongyi Liu , Andrew Wen , Shaochen Zhong , Na Zou , Hanjie Chen , Xia Hu

Multivariate time-series forecasting is vital in various domains, e.g., economic planning and weather prediction. Deep train-from-scratch models have exhibited effective performance yet require large amounts of data, which limits real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ching Chang , Wei-Yao Wang , Wen-Chih Peng , Tien-Fu Chen

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (RLLMs), whether explicitly trained for reasoning or prompted via chain-of-thought (CoT), have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many complex reasoning tasks. However, we uncover a surprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiaomin Li , Zhou Yu , Zhiwei Zhang , Xupeng Chen , Ziji Zhang , Yingying Zhuang , Narayanan Sadagopan , Anurag Beniwal

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are widely used in many sub-fields of natural language processing (NLP) and generally known as excellent few-shot learners with task-specific exemplars. Notably, chain of thought (CoT) prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Takeshi Kojima , Shixiang Shane Gu , Machel Reid , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa