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Large language models (LLMs) require enormous computing power to pretrain on massive datasets. When limited datasets are available, smaller-sized LLMs are better choice to pretrain (on user-specified datasets) by following the scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Praveen Rao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success in medical question answering and clinical decision-making, promoting the efficiency and popularization of the personalized virtual doctor in society. However, the traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jianbin Zhang , Yulin Zhu , Wai Lun Lo , Richard Tai-Chiu Hsung , Harris Sik-Ho Tsang , Kai Zhou

Congestion control is a fundamental component of Internet infrastructure, and researchers have dedicated considerable effort to developing improved congestion control algorithms. However, despite extensive study, existing algorithms…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Zhiyuan He , Aashish Gottipati , Lili Qiu , Yuqing Yang , Francis Y. Yan

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is highly memory-intensive due to optimizer state overhead. The FRUGAL framework mitigates this with gradient splitting, but its static hyperparameters -- the subspace ratio ($\rho$) and update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Quang-Hung Bui , Anh Son Ta

Large language models (LLMs) are now available from cloud API providers in various sizes and configurations. While this diversity offers a broad spectrum of choices, effectively leveraging the options to optimize computational cost and…

Modern deployments of Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly require serving multiple models with diverse architectures, sizes, and specialization on shared, heterogeneous hardware. This setting introduces new challenges for resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mert Yildiz , Pietro Spadaccino , Alexey Rolich , Francesca Cuomo , Andrea Baiocchi

The rapid expansion of modern wide-area networks (WANs) has made traffic engineering (TE) increasingly challenging, as traditional solvers struggle to keep pace. Although existing offline ML-driven approaches accelerate TE optimization with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinyu Yuan , Yan Qiao , Zonghui Wang , Meng Li , Wenzhi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense potential across various tasks. However, research for exploring and improving the capabilities of LLMs in interpreting graph structures remains limited. To address this gap, we conduct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jie He , Yijun Yang , Wanqiu Long , Deyi Xiong , Victor Gutierrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

Large-scale heterogeneous multiagent systems feature various realistic factors in the real world, such as agents with diverse abilities and overall system cost. In comparison to homogeneous systems, heterogeneous systems offer significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Qingxu Fu , Zhiqiang Pu , Min Chen , Tenghai Qiu , Jianqiang Yi

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable advances by integrating text, image, and audio understanding within a unified architecture. However, existing distributed training frameworks remain fundamentally data-blind:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hyeonjun An , Sihyun Kim , Chaerim Lim , Hyunjoon Kim , Rathijit Sen , Sangmin Jung , Hyeonsoo Lee , Dongwook Kim , Takki Yu , Jinkyu Jeong , Youngsok Kim , Kwanghyun Park

The sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) transformer has become a common architecture for large language models (LLMs) due to its sparsity, which requires fewer computational demands while easily scaling the model size. In MoE…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

The increasing demand for intelligent mobile applications has made multi-agent collaboration with Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) essential in mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. However, training LLMs in such environments…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Jiewei Chen , Xiumei Deng , Zehui Xiong , Shaoyong Guo , Xuesong Qiu , Ping Wang , Dusit Niyato

Large language models (LLMs) are computationally intensive. The computation workload and the memory footprint grow quadratically with the dimension (layer width). Most of LLMs' parameters come from the linear layers of the transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Xiao-Yang Liu , Jie Zhang , Guoxuan Wang , Weiqing Tong , Anwar Walid

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly powering web-based applications, whose effectiveness relies on fine-tuning with large-scale instruction data. However, such data often contains valuable or sensitive information that limits its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yicheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Zhaomin Wu , Jian Hou , Shuiguang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the field of education by enabling personalized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs. In this paper, we introduce a framework for Adaptive Learning Systems that leverages…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yongjie Li , Ruilin Nong , Jianan Liu , Lucas Evans

Recently some studies have highlighted the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) as effective generators of supervised training data, offering advantages such as enhanced inference efficiency and reduced costs associated with data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Takuro Fujii , Satoru Katsumata

The Mixtures-of-Experts (MoE) model is a widespread distributed and integrated learning method for large language models (LLM), which is favored due to its ability to sparsify and expand models efficiently. However, the performance of MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Xuan He , Li Zeng , Yi Lin , Entong Li , Binfan Zheng , Rongqian Zhao , Xin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

Building effective machine learning (ML) workflows to address complex tasks is a primary focus of the Automatic ML (AutoML) community and a critical step toward achieving artificial general intelligence (AGI). Recently, the integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yang Gu , Hengyu You , Jian Cao , Muran Yu , Haoran Fan , Shiyou Qian