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Zeroth-order optimization is the process of minimizing an objective $f(x)$, given oracle access to evaluations at adaptively chosen inputs $x$. In this paper, we present two simple yet powerful GradientLess Descent (GLD) algorithms that do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Daniel Golovin , John Karro , Greg Kochanski , Chansoo Lee , Xingyou Song , Qiuyi Zhang

We study bilevel optimization with a fixed polyhedral lower feasible set. Such problems are challenging for two reasons: active-set changes can make the upper objective nonsmooth, and existing hypergradient methods typically require…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Tenglong Hong , Paul Grigas

Many machine learning tasks require sampling a subset of items from a collection based on a parameterized distribution. The Gumbel-softmax trick can be used to sample a single item, and allows for low-variance reparameterized gradients with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Sang Michael Xie , Stefano Ermon

Categorical variables are a natural choice for representing discrete structure in the world. However, stochastic neural networks rarely use categorical latent variables due to the inability to backpropagate through samples. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-08 Eric Jang , Shixiang Gu , Ben Poole

A learner aims to minimize a function $f$ by repeatedly querying a distributed oracle that provides noisy gradient evaluations. At the same time, the learner seeks to hide $\arg\min f$ from a malicious eavesdropper that observes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Adit Jain , Vikram Krishnamurthy

Neuro-symbolic reasoning systems face fundamental challenges in maintaining semantic coherence while satisfying physical and logical constraints. Building upon our previous work on Ontology Neural Networks, we present an enhanced framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jaehong Oh

In high-dimensional statistics, variable selection recovers the latent sparse patterns from all possible covariate combinations. This paper proposes a novel optimization method to solve the exact L0-regularized regression problem, which is…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-02 Mingzhang Yin , Nhat Ho , Bowei Yan , Xiaoning Qian , Mingyuan Zhou

In this paper, a topology optimization framework utilizing automatic differentiation is presented as an efficient way for solving 2D density-based topology optimization problem by calculating gradients through the fully differentiable…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Liang Chen , Herman M. H. Shen

We study multilevel techniques, commonly used in PDE multigrid literature, to solve structured optimization problems. For a given hierarchy of levels, we formulate a coarse model that approximates the problem at each level and provides a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Ferdinand Vanmaele , Yara Elshiaty , Stefania Petra

This paper studies a class of distributed optimization problems with coupled equality constraints in networked systems. Many existing distributed algorithms rely on solving local subproblems via the $\operatorname{argmin}$ operator in each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Chenyang Qiu , Zongli Lin

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into evolutionary frameworks has established a new paradigm for automated heuristic discovery. Despite their promise, these methods typically search in the discrete space of program syntax,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cheikh Ahmed , Mahdi Mostajabdaveh , Zirui Zhou

Different activation functions work best for different deep learning models. To exploit this, we leverage recent advancements in gradient-based search techniques for neural architectures to efficiently identify high-performing activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Lukas Strack , Mahmoud Safari , Frank Hutter

Online bilevel optimization (OBO) is a powerful framework for machine learning problems where both outer and inner objectives evolve over time, requiring dynamic updates. Current OBO approaches rely on deterministic \textit{window-smoothed}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Parvin Nazari , Bojian Hou , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Li Shen , George Michailidis

This work studies constrained stochastic optimization problems where the objective and constraint functions are convex and expressed as compositions of stochastic functions. The problem arises in the context of fair classification, fair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Srujan Teja Thomdapu , Harshvardhan , Ketan Rajawat

Stochastic constraints, which incorporate both deterministic parameters and random variables, extend classical deterministic constraints by explicitly accounting for uncertainty. These constraints are increasingly prevalent in data science,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiakun Li , Hao Wu , Bican Xia , Tengshun Yang , Naijun Zhan

Learning efficient and interpretable policies has been a challenging task in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in the visual RL setting with complex scenes. While neural networks have achieved competitive performance, the resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Wenqing Zheng , S P Sharan , Zhiwen Fan , Kevin Wang , Yihan Xi , Zhangyang Wang

Learning rates in stochastic neural network training are currently determined a priori to training, using expensive manual or automated iterative tuning. This study proposes gradient-only line searches to resolve the learning rate for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-16 Dominic Kafka , Daniel N. Wilke

Dense semantic 3D reconstruction is typically formulated as a discrete or continuous problem over label assignments in a voxel grid, combining semantic and depth likelihoods in a Markov Random Field framework. The depth and semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Nikolay Savinov , Lubor Ladicky , Christian Haene , Marc Pollefeys

Bilevel optimization is one of the fundamental problems in machine learning and optimization. Recent theoretical developments in bilevel optimization focus on finding the first-order stationary points for nonconvex-strongly-convex cases. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Minhui Huang , Xuxing Chen , Kaiyi Ji , Shiqian Ma , Lifeng Lai

We consider a distributed stochastic optimization problem in networks with finite number of nodes. Each node adjusts its action to optimize the global utility of the network, which is defined as the sum of local utilities of all nodes.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Wenjie Li , Mohamad Assaad