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Self-conditioning has been central to the success of continuous diffusion language models, as it allows models to correct previous errors. Yet its ability degrades precisely in the regime where diffusion is most attractive for deployment:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Dat Nguyen-Cong , Tung Kieu , Hoang Thanh-Tung

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination and knowledge staleness in Large Language Models (LLMs), existing frameworks often falter on complex, multi-hop queries that require synthesizing information from disparate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mohammad Aghajani Asl , Majid Asgari-Bidhendi , Behrooz Minaei-Bidgoli

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to tasks in language understanding and interactive decision-making, with their impressive performance largely attributed to the extensive domain knowledge embedded within them.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zhiyuan Sun , Haochen Shi , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Glen Berseth , Xingdi Yuan , Bang Liu

Automated assessment of open-ended student responses is a critical capability for scaling personalized feedback in education. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in grading tasks via in-context learning (ICL), their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yucheng Chu , Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Yasemin Copur-Gencturk , Kevin Haudek , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

Large language models (LLMs) often produce unsupported or unverifiable content, known as "hallucinations." To mitigate this, retrieval-augmented LLMs incorporate citations, grounding the content in verifiable sources. Despite such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Weijia Zhang , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Yifei Yuan , Jiahuan Pei , Jia-Hong Huang , Evangelos Kanoulas

Sentence embedding tasks are important in natural language processing (NLP), but improving their performance while keeping them reliable is still hard. This paper presents a framework that combines pseudo-label generation and model ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ziwei Liu , Qi Zhang , Lifu Gao

Conditional story generation is significant in human-machine interaction, particularly in producing stories with complex plots. While Large language models (LLMs) perform well on multiple NLP tasks, including story generation, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhihua Wen , Zhiliang Tian , Wei Wu , Yuxin Yang , Yanqi Shi , Zhen Huang , Dongsheng Li

On-the-fly retrieval of relevant knowledge has proven an essential element of reliable systems for tasks such as open-domain question answering and fact verification. However, because retrieval systems are not perfect, generation models are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Zhiruo Wang , Jun Araki , Zhengbao Jiang , Md Rizwan Parvez , Graham Neubig

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically face constraints because of their inherent mechanism: a simple top-k semantic search [1]. The approach often leads to the incorporation of irrelevant or redundant information in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andreas Ottem

Despite the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) for context-grounded tasks like summarization and question-answering, understanding what makes an LLM produce a certain response is challenging. We propose Multi-Level Explanations…

Large language models (LLMs) generate outputs by utilizing extensive context, which often includes redundant information from prompts, retrieved passages, and interaction history. In critical applications, it is vital to identify which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Poushali Sengupta , Shashi Raj Pandey , Sabita Maharjan , Frank Eliassen

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have demonstrated their ability to understand natural language and generate complex code snippets. This paper introduces a novel Large Language Model Evolutionary Algorithm (LLaMEA) framework,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck

When the world changes, so does the text that humans write about it. How do we build language models that can be easily updated to reflect these changes? One popular approach is retrieval-augmented generation, in which new documents are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Belinda Z. Li , Emmy Liu , Alexis Ross , Abbas Zeitoun , Graham Neubig , Jacob Andreas

Multi-agent collaboration among models has shown promise in reasoning tasks but is underexplored in long-form generation tasks like summarization and question-answering. We extend multi-agent multi-model reasoning to generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 David Wan , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Fine-grained entity recognition is crucial for reasoning and decision-making in task-oriented dialogues, yet current large language models (LLMs) continue to face challenges in domain adaptation and retrieval controllability. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Liang Xue , Haoyu Liu , Yajun Tian , Xinyu Zhong , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advances in text generation but often lack the reliability needed for autonomous deployment in high-stakes domains like healthcare, law, and finance. Existing approaches rely on external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ninad Naik

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit limited performance on domain-specific tasks due to the natural disproportionate representation of specialized information in their training data and the static nature of these datasets. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chaojun Nie , Jun Zhou , Guanxiang Wang , Shisong Wu , Zichen Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision-language answering tasks. Despite their strengths, these models often encounter challenges in achieving complex reasoning tasks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jinhao Chen , Zhen Yang , Jianxin Shi , Tianyu Wo , Jie Tang

Event Argument Extraction (EAE) is an extremely difficult information extraction problem -- with significant limitations in few-shot cross-domain (FSCD) settings. A common solution to FSCD modeling is data augmentation. Unfortunately,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Joseph Gatto , Parker Seegmiller , Omar Sharif , Sarah M. Preum

Incorporating specific knowledge into large language models via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widespread technique that fuels many of today's industry AI applications. A fundamental problem is to assess if the context retrieved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Florian Geissler , Francesco Carella , Laura Fieback , Jakob Spiegelberg