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Let $G$ be a graph that is topologically embedded in the plane and let $\mathcal{A}$ be an arrangement of pseudolines intersecting the drawing of $G$. An aligned drawing of $G$ and $\mathcal{A}$ is a planar polyline drawing $\Gamma$ of $G$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Tamara Mchedlidze , Marcel Radermacher , Ignaz Rutter

We introduce the \textit{crossing profile} of a drawing of a graph. This is a sequence of integers whose $(k+1)^{\text{th}}$ entry counts the number of edges in the drawing which are involved in exactly $k$ crossings. The first and second…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-10 Isaac Chen , Oriol Solé-Pi

Since edge detection is in the forefront of image processing for object detection, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. The reason for this is that edges form the outline of an object. An edge is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-11-22 Shubham Saini , Bhavesh Kasliwal , Shraey Bhatia

A matchstick graph is a plane graph with edges drawn as unit distance line segments. This class of graphs was introduced by Harborth who conjectured that a matchstick graph on $n$ vertices can have at most $\lfloor 3n - \sqrt{12n -…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Panna Gehér , Géza Tóth

Drawing a graph in the plane with as few crossings as possible is one of the central problems in graph drawing and computational geometry. Another option is to remove the smallest number of vertices or edges such that the remaining graph…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Akanksha Agrawal , Sergio Cabello , Michael Kaufmann , Saket Saurabh , Roohani Sharma , Yushi Uno , Alexander Wolff

We study algorithms for drawing planar graphs and 1-planar graphs using cubic B\'ezier curves with bounded curvature. We show that any n-vertex 1-planar graph has a 1-planar RAC drawing using a single cubic B\'ezier curve per edge, and this…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-10-17 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Abraham M. Illickan

In this paper, we give polynomial-time algorithms that can take a graph G with a given combinatorial embedding on an orientable surface S of genus g and produce a planar drawing of G in R^2, with a bounding face defined by a polygonal…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2009-08-13 Christian A. Duncan , Michael T. Goodrich , Stephen G. Kobourov

We study a question that lies at the intersection of classical research subjects in Topological Graph Theory and Graph Drawing: Computing a drawing of a graph with a prescribed number of crossings on a given set $S$ of points, while…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Giuseppe Di Battista , Giuseppe Liotta , Maurizio Patrignani , Antonios Symvonis , Ioannis G. Tollis

We introduce the family of $k$-gap-planar graphs for $k \geq 0$, i.e., graphs that have a drawing in which each crossing is assigned to one of the two involved edges and each edge is assigned at most $k$ of its crossings. This definition is…

Ortho-Radial drawings are a generalization of orthogonal drawings to grids that are formed by concentric circles and straight-line spokes emanating from the circles' center. Such drawings have applications in schematic graph layouts, e.g.,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Lukas Barth , Benjamin Niedermann , Ignaz Rutter , Matthias Wolf

We show that any outerplanar graph admits a planar straightline drawing such that the length ratio of the longest to the shortest edges is strictly less than 2. This result is tight in the sense that for any $\epsilon > 0$ there are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Sylvain Lazard , William Lenhart , Giuseppe Liotta

A graph is \emph{fan-crossing free} if it has a drawing in the plane so that each edge is crossed by independent edges, that is the crossing edges have distinct vertices. On the other hand, it is \emph{fan-crossing} if the crossing edges…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Franz J. Brandenburg

A planar orthogonal drawing of a planar 4-graph G (i.e., a planar graph with vertex-degree at most four) is a crossing-free drawing that maps each vertex of G to a distinct point of the plane and each edge of $G$ to a sequence of horizontal…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Walter Didimo , Michael Kaufmann , Giuseppe Liotta , Giacomo Ortali

A plane graph is rectilinear planar if it admits an embedding-preserving straight-line drawing where each edge is either horizontal or vertical. We prove that rectilinear planarity testing can be solved in optimal $O(n)$ time for any plane…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Walter Didimo , Michael Kaufmann , Giuseppe Liotta , Giacomo Ortali

A k-bend right-angle-crossing drawing or (k-bend RAC drawing}, for short) of a graph is a polyline drawing where each edge has at most k bends and the angles formed at the crossing points of the edges are 90 degrees. Accordingly, a graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Henry Förster , Michael Kaufmann

We present a new notion of limits of weighted directed graphs of growing size based on convergence of their random quotients. These limits are specified in terms of random exchangeable measures on the unit square. We call our limits…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Eitan Levin , Venkat Chandrasekaran

The vertex-random graphs called proximity catch digraphs (PCDs) have been introduced recently and have applications in pattern recognition and spatial pattern analysis. A PCD is a random directed graph (i.e., digraph) which is constructed…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-29 Elvan Ceyhan

We explore what could make recognition of particular intersection-defined classes hard. We focus mainly on unit grid intersection graphs (UGIGs), i.e., intersection graphs of unit-length axis-aligned segments and grid intersection graphs…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Irina Mustata , Martin Pergel

We settle a problem of Dujmovi\'c, Eppstein, Suderman, and Wood by showing that there exists a function $f$ with the property that every planar graph $G$ with maximum degree $d$ admits a drawing with noncrossing straight-line edges, using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-13 Balázs Keszegh , János Pach , Dömötör Pálvölgyi

Document-level relation extraction is a complex human process that requires logical inference to extract relationships between named entities in text. Existing approaches use graph-based neural models with words as nodes and edges as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Fenia Christopoulou , Makoto Miwa , Sophia Ananiadou