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Related papers: Hybrid MIMO in the Upper Mid-Band: Architectures, …

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FR3 ($\approx$7-24 GHz), also referred to as the upper mid-band, has recently emerged as promising spectrum for 6G; however, its propagation and MIMO characteristics vary significantly with frequency and environment, and spectrum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Emiel Vanspranghels , Zhuangzhuang Cui , Sofie Pollin

Next-generation wireless systems aim to enable on-demand connectivity through dynamic spectrum utilization. Motivated by this vision, this paper investigates the propagation characteristics and MIMO performance of the upper mid-band,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Rudranil Chattopadhyay , Emiel Vanspranghels , Sofie Pollin

Motivated by increasing wireless capacity demands and 6G advancements, the newly defined Frequency Range 3 (FR3, 7.125-24.25 GHz), also known as the upper mid-band, has emerged as a promising spectrum candidate. It offers a balance between…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Fahimeh Aghaei , Mehdi Monemi , Mehdi Rasti , Murat Uysal

Increasing attention is given to the upper mid-band or Frequency Range 3 (FR3), from 7 to 24 GHz, in the research towards sixth-generation (6G) networks. Promises of offering large data rates at favorable propagation conditions are leading…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Emanuele Peschiera , Sangbu Yun , Youngjoo Lee , Liesbet Van der Perre , François Rottenberg

Driven by the pursuit of gigabit-per-second data speeds for future 6G mobile networks, in addition to the support of sensing and artificial intelligence applications, the industry is expanding beyond crowded sub-6 GHz bands with innovative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Ahmad Bazzi , Roberto Bomfin , Marco Mezzavilla , Sundeep Rangan , Theodore Rappaport , Marwa Chafii

This paper presents a new system model to evaluate the capacity and power consumption of multi-layer 6G networks utilising the upper mid-band (FR3). The model captures heterogeneous 4G, 5G, and 6G deployments, analyzing their performance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Giovanni Geraci

With the push toward 6G commercialization, Frequency Range 3 (FR3) bands, specifically 7.125-8.4 GHz and 14.8-15.3 GHz, have become focal points for achieving wide-area, high-capacity coverage. However, practical deployment is often limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Enrui Liu , Pan Tang , Haiyang Miao , Qi Zhen , Jianhua Zhang

Driven by the escalating demand for wireless capacity and advancements in 6G research, the new Frequency Range 3 (FR3) referred to upper mid-band (7.125-24.25 GHz) has emerged as a highly compelling spectrum candidate. This range offers a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Fahimeh Aghaei , Mehdi Monemi , Mehdi Rasti , Murat Uysal

The sixth generation (6G) wireless communication nowadays is seeking a new spectrum to inherit the pros and discard the cons of sub-6 GHz, millimeter-wave (mmWave), and sub-terahertz (THz) bands. To this end, an upper mid-band with a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Peize Zhang , Sofie Pollin

The upper mid-band (or FR3, spanning 6-24 GHz) is a crucial frequency range for next-generation mobile networks, offering a favorable balance between coverage and spectrum efficiency. From another perspective, the systems operating in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-05 Ali Rasteh , Raghavendra Palayam Hari , Hao Guo , Marco Mezzavilla , Sundeep Rangan

The increasingly demanding objectives for next generation wireless communications have spurred recent research activities on multi-antenna transceiver hardware architectures and relevant intelligent communication schemes. Among them belong…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-18 George C. Alexandropoulos , Md Atiqul Islam , Besma Smida

The upper midband, spanning 7 to 24 GHz, strikes a good balance between large bandwidths and favorable propagation environments for future 6th Generation (6G) networks. Wireless networks in the upper midband, however, will need to share the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Paolo Testolina , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

The upper mid-band (FR3) has been recently attracting interest for new generation of mobile networks, as it provides a promising balance between spectrum availability and coverage, which are inherent limitations of the sub 6GHz and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Yaqi Hu , Mingsheng Yin , Marco Mezzavilla , Hao Guo , Sundeep Rangan

Spanning 7-24 GHz, frequency range 3 (FR3), is a key enabler for next-generation wireless networks by bridging the coverage of sub-6 GHz and the capacity of millimeter-wave bands. Its unique propagation characteristics, such as extended…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Gayan Aruma Baduge , Mojtaba Vaezi , Janith K. Dassanayake , Muhammad Z. Hameed , Esa Ollila , Sergiy A Vorobyov

A variety of hybrid analog-digital beamforming architectures have recently been proposed for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to reduce energy consumption and the cost of implementation. In the analog processing network…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Kyungchun Lee

We propose a hybrid architecture that integrates RF (i.e., sub-6 GHz) and millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies for 5G cellular systems. In particular, communications in the mmWave band faces significant challenges due to variable channels,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Morteza Hashemi , C. Emre Koksal , Ness B. Shroff

Given the high throughput requirement for 5G, merging millimeter wave technologies and multi-user MIMO seems a very promising strategy. As hardware limitations impede to realize a full digital architecture, hybrid MIMO architectures, using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Steve Blandino , Claude Desset , Cheng-Ming Chen , Andre Bourdoux , Sofie Pollin

Hybrid analog/digital MIMO architectures were recently proposed as an alternative for fully-digitalprecoding in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems. This is motivated by the possible reduction in the number of RF chains…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-10 Roi Méndez-Rial , Cristian Rusu , Nuria González-Prelcic , Ahmed Alkhateeb , Robert W. Heath

The use of in-band full-duplex (FD) enables nodes to simultaneously transmit and receive on the same frequency band, which challenges the traditional assumption in wireless network design. The full-duplex capability enhances spectral…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Besma Smida , Ashutosh Sabharwal , Gabor Fodor , George C. Alexandropoulos , Himal A. Suraweera , Chan-Byoung Chae

This article presents a data-driven system-level analysis of multi-layer 6G networks operating in the upper mid-band (FR3: 7-24 GHz). Unlike most prior studies based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) templates, we leverage…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Matteo Bernabè
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