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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks by effectively utilizing a prompting strategy. However, they are highly sensitive to input perturbations, such as typographical errors or slight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lin Mu , Guowei Chu , Li Ni , Lei Sang , Yiwen Zhang

The increasing reliance on Large Language Models (LLMs) across academia and industry necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their robustness to prompts. In response to this vital need, we introduce PromptRobust, a robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Kaijie Zhu , Jindong Wang , Jiaheng Zhou , Zichen Wang , Hao Chen , Yidong Wang , Linyi Yang , Wei Ye , Yue Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Xing Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various tasks, including solving math word problems (MWPs), but struggle with real-world problems containing irrelevant information. To address this, we propose a prompting framework that generates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Himanshu Gupta , Kevin Scaria , Shreyas Verma , Chitta Baral , Swaroop Mishra

Large pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP, despite having remarkable generalization ability, are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples. This work studies the adversarial robustness of VLMs from the novel perspective of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Lin Li , Haoyan Guan , Jianing Qiu , Michael Spratling

The wide-ranging applications of large language models (LLMs), especially in safety-critical domains, necessitate the proper evaluation of the LLM's adversarial robustness. This paper proposes an efficient tool to audit the LLM's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xilie Xu , Keyi Kong , Ning Liu , Lizhen Cui , Di Wang , Jingfeng Zhang , Mohan Kankanhalli

Recent advances in prompt engineering enable large language models (LLMs) to solve multi-hop logical reasoning problems with impressive accuracy. However, there is little existing work investigating the robustness of LLMs with few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Hongyi Zheng , Abulhair Saparov

The increasing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into society necessitates robust defenses against vulnerabilities from jailbreaking and adversarial prompts. This project proposes a recursive framework for enhancing the resistance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Bryan Li , Sounak Bagchi , Zizhan Wang

State-of-the-art NLP models can often be fooled by adversaries that apply seemingly innocuous label-preserving transformations (e.g., paraphrasing) to input text. The number of possible transformations scales exponentially with text length,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Robin Jia , Aditi Raghunathan , Kerem Göksel , Percy Liang

Jailbreaks are adversarial attacks designed to bypass the built-in safety mechanisms of large language models. Automated jailbreaks typically optimize an adversarial suffix or adapt long prompt templates by forcing the model to generate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Raffaele Mura , Giorgio Piras , Kamilė Lukošiūtė , Maura Pintor , Amin Karbasi , Battista Biggio

Despite outstanding performance in a variety of NLP tasks, recent studies have revealed that NLP models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that slightly perturb the input to cause the models to misbehave. Among these attacks, adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Duy C. Hoang , Quang H. Nguyen , Saurav Manchanda , MinLong Peng , Kok-Seng Wong , Khoa D. Doan

As LLMs evolve, significant effort is spent on manually crafting prompts. While existing prompt optimization methods automate this process, they rely solely on learning from incorrect samples, leading to a sub-optimal performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mingqi Li , Karan Aggarwal , Yong Xie , Aitzaz Ahmad , Stephen Lau

Generating high-quality textual adversarial examples is critical for investigating the pitfalls of natural language processing (NLP) models and further promoting their robustness. Existing attacks are usually realized through word-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yibin Lei , Yu Cao , Dianqi Li , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy

As the deployment of NLP systems in critical applications grows, ensuring the robustness of large language models (LLMs) against adversarial attacks becomes increasingly important. Large language models excel in various NLP tasks but remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhenning Yang , Ryan Krawec , Liang-Yuan Wu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in vision-language tasks such as reasoning segmentation, where models generate segmentation masks based on textual queries. While prior work has primarily focused…

Deep neural networks are found to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. The prompt-based defense has been increasingly studied due to its high efficiency. However, existing prompt-based defenses mainly exploited mixed prompt patterns,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yibo Xu , Dawei Zhou , Decheng Liu , Nannan Wang

Transfer learning from pretrained language models recently became the dominant approach for solving many NLP tasks. A common approach to transfer learning for multiple tasks that maximize parameter sharing trains one or more task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Karen Hambardzumyan , Hrant Khachatrian , Jonathan May

Open-vocabulary audio language models (ALMs), like Contrastive Language Audio Pretraining (CLAP), represent a promising new paradigm for audio-text retrieval using natural language queries. In this paper, for the first time, we perform…

Adversarial training, which minimizes the maximal risk for label-preserving input perturbations, has proved to be effective for improving the generalization of language models. In this work, we propose a novel adversarial training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Chen Zhu , Yu Cheng , Zhe Gan , Siqi Sun , Tom Goldstein , Jingjing Liu

An adversarial example is an input transformed by small perturbations that machine learning models consistently misclassify. While there are a number of methods proposed to generate adversarial examples for text data, it is not trivial to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Ying Xu , Xu Zhong , Antonio Jose Jimeno Yepes , Jey Han Lau

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz
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