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An extension of the well-known Szeged index was introduced recently, named as weighted Szeged index ($\textrm{sz}(G)$). This paper is devoted to characterizing the extremal trees and graphs of this new topological invariant. In particular,…
The arithmetic-geometric index is a newly proposed degree-based graph invariant in mathematical chemistry. We give a sharp upper bound on the value of this invariant for connected chemical graphs of given order and size and characterize the…
We characterize the bipartite graphs that minimize the (first-degree based) entropy, among all bipartite graphs of given size, or given size and (upper bound on the) order. The extremal graphs turn out to be complete bipartite graphs, or…
There are various topological indices such as degree based topological indices, distance based topological indices and counting related topological indices etc. These topological indices correlate certain physicochemical properties such as…
The first multiplicative Zagreb index $\Pi_1$ of a graph $G$ is the product of the square of every vertex degree, while the second multiplicative Zagreb index $\Pi_2$ is the product of the products of degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices.…
This paper surveys some recent results and progress on the extremal prob- lems in a given set consisting of all simple connected graphs with the same graphic degree sequence. In particular, we study and characterize the extremal graphs…
In this paper, the extremal graph with the maximum RRD-value among all the graphs of order n with given cut vertices or edges is characterized. In addition, an upper bounds on the reciprocal degree distance in terms of the number of cut…
In the original article ``Wiener index of Eulerian graphs'' [Discrete Applied Mathematics Volume 162, 10 January 2014, Pages 247-250], the authors state that the Wiener index (total distance) of an Eulerian graph is maximized by the cycle.…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The essential ideal graph $\mathcal{E}_{R}$ of $R$ is a graph whose vertex set consists of all nonzero proper ideals of \textit{R}. Two vertices $\hat{I}$ and $\hat{J}$ are adjacent if and only if…
In a graph, we assign distinct integers to the vertices, and take the sum of two integers if they are on two adjacent vertices. The minimum possible number of different sums is the \emph{sum index} of this graph. In this paper, we present…
In this paper we introduce a variation of the well-known Zagreb indices by considering a proper vertex colouring of a graph $G$. The chromatic Zagreb indices are defined in terms of the parameter $c(v), v \in V(G)$ instead of the invariant…
In this paper, we investigate The relationship between the Albertson index and the first Zagreb index for trees. For a tree $T=(V,E)$ with $n=|V|$ vertices and $m=|E|$ edges, we provide several bounds and exact formulas for these two…
The $\delta$-complement $G_\delta$ of a graph $G$, introduced in 2022 by Pai et al., is a variant of the graph complement, where two vertices are adjacent in $G_\delta$ if and only if they are of the same degree but not adjacent in $G$ or…
Let $\mathcal{CT}_{n,k}$ and $\mathcal{CT}^*_{n,b}$ be the classes of all $n$-vertex chemical trees with $k$ segments and $b$ branching vertices, respectively, where $3\le k\le n-1$ and $1\le b< \frac{n}{2}-1$. The solution of the problem…
In this paper we investigate the extremal relationship between two well-studied graph parameters: the order of the largest homogeneous set in a graph $G$ and the maximal number of distinct degrees appearing in an induced subgraph of $G$,…
Topological indices are graph invariants numeric quantities, which are utilized by researchers to analyze a variety of physiochemical aspects of molecules. The goal of developing topological indices is to give each chemical structure a…
Motivated by the recently introduced topological index, the Somber index, we define a new topological index of a graph in this paper, we call it Sombor coindex. The Sombor coindex is defined by considering analogous contributions from the…
The first and the second Zagreb eccentricity index of a graph $G$ are defined as $E_1(G)=\sum_{v\in V(G)}\varepsilon_{G}(v)^{2}$ and $E_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\varepsilon_{G}(u)\varepsilon_{G}(v)$, respectively, where $\varepsilon_G(v)$ is…
We consider chemical graphs that are defined as connected graphs of maximum degree at most 3. We characterize the extremal graphs, meaning those that maximize or minimize 33 degree-based topological indices. This study shows that five graph…
The generalized hierarchical product of graphs was introduced by L. Barri\'ere et al in 2009. In this paper, reformulated first Zagreb index of generalized hierarchical product of two connected graphs and hence as a special case cluster…