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In-context learning (ICL) refers to the ability of a model to condition on a few in-context demonstrations (input-output examples of the underlying task) to generate the answer for a new query input, without updating parameters. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Yongqiang Chen , Binghui Xie , Kaiwen Zhou , Bo Han , Yatao Bian , James Cheng

We focus on offline imitation learning (IL), which aims to mimic an expert's behavior using demonstrations without any interaction with the environment. One of the main challenges in offline IL is the limited support of expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Huy Hoang , Tien Mai , Pradeep Varakantham

In many sequential decision-making problems (e.g., robotics control, game playing, sequential prediction), human or expert data is available containing useful information about the task. However, imitation learning (IL) from a small amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Divyansh Garg , Shuvam Chakraborty , Chris Cundy , Jiaming Song , Matthieu Geist , Stefano Ermon

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models to perform few-shot learning by conditioning on labeled examples in the prompt. Despite its flexibility, ICL suffers from instability -- especially as prompt length increases with more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Josip Jukić , Jan Šnajder

Large pre-trained sequence models, such as transformer-based architectures, have been recently shown to have the capacity to carry out in-context learning (ICL). In ICL, a decision on a new input is made via a direct mapping of the input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Matteo Zecchin , Kai Yu , Osvaldo Simeone

Imitation Learning (IL) enables agents to mimic expert behavior by learning from demonstrations. However, traditional IL methods require large amounts of medium-to-high-quality demonstrations as well as actions of expert demonstrations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Siqi Yang , Kai Yan , Alexander G. Schwing , Yu-Xiong Wang

Electromyography (EMG)-based gesture recognition is a promising approach for designing intuitive human-computer interfaces. However, while these systems typically perform well in controlled laboratory settings, their usability in real-world…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Gabriel Gagné , Anisha Azad , Thomas Labbé , Evan Campbell , Xavier Isabel , Erik Scheme , Ulysse Côté-Allard , Benoit Gosselin

Imitation learning (IL) is notably effective for robotic tasks where directly programming behaviors or defining optimal control costs is challenging. In this work, we address a scenario where the imitator relies solely on observed behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Rishabh Agrawal , Nathan Dahlin , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

Contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) has demonstrated remarkable success in various image tasks. However, how to extend CLIP with effective temporal modeling is still an open and crucial problem. Existing factorized or joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Shuyuan Tu , Qi Dai , Zuxuan Wu , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Han Hu , Yu-Gang Jiang

In-context imitation learning (ICIL) enables robots to learn tasks from prompts consisting of just a handful of demonstrations. By eliminating the need for parameter updates at deployment time, this paradigm supports few-shot adaptation to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Youngju Yoo , Jiaheng Hu , Yifeng Zhu , Bo Liu , Qiang Liu , Roberto Martín-Martín , Peter Stone

Imitation learning (IL) is a popular paradigm for training policies in robotic systems when specifying the reward function is difficult. However, despite the success of IL algorithms, they impose the somewhat unrealistic requirement that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Luca Viano , Yu-Ting Huang , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Craig Innes , Subramanian Ramamoorthy , Adrian Weller

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

Recently, the mysterious In-Context Learning (ICL) ability exhibited by Transformer architectures, especially in large language models (LLMs), has sparked significant research interest. However, the resilience of Transformers' in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Chen Cheng , Xinzhi Yu , Haodong Wen , Jingsong Sun , Guanzhang Yue , Yihao Zhang , Zeming Wei

Imitation learning (IL) has achieved considerable success in solving complex sequential decision-making problems. However, current IL methods mainly assume that the environment for learning policies is the same as the environment for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Siyuan Li , Xun Wang , Rongchang Zuo , Kewu Sun , Lingfei Cui , Jishiyu Ding , Peng Liu , Zhe Ma

Large autoregressive models like Transformers can solve tasks through in-context learning (ICL) without learning new weights, suggesting avenues for efficiently solving new tasks. For many tasks, e.g., linear regression, the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Sarthak Mittal , Eric Elmoznino , Leo Gagnon , Sangnie Bhardwaj , Tom Marty , Dhanya Sridhar , Guillaume Lajoie

In-context learning (ICL) is an emerging capability of large autoregressive language models where a few input-label demonstrations are appended to the input to enhance the model's understanding of downstream NLP tasks, without directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Ensuring safety in robotic systems remains a fundamental challenge, especially when deploying offline policy-learning methods such as imitation learning in dynamic environments. Traditional behavior cloning (BC) often fails to generalize…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mumuksh Tayal , Manan Tayal , Ravi Prakash

Interactive Imitation Learning (IIL) is a branch of Imitation Learning (IL) where human feedback is provided intermittently during robot execution allowing an online improvement of the robot's behavior. In recent years, IIL has increasingly…

In-context learning (ICL) is a recent advancement in the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). This feature allows users to perform a new task without updating the model. Concretely, users can address tasks during the inference time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Pre-trained transformers are able to learn from examples provided as part of the prompt without any weight updates, a remarkable ability known as in-context learning (ICL). Despite its demonstrated efficacy across various domains, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Alexander Hsu , Zhaiming Shen , Wenjing Liao , Rongjie Lai