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Large language models (LLMs) are supposed to acquire unconscious human knowledge and feelings, such as social common sense and biases, by training models from large amounts of text. However, it is not clear how much the sentiments of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Kunitomo Tanaka , Ryohei Sasano , Koichi Takeda

Current studies of bias in NLP rely mainly on identifying (unwanted or negative) bias towards a specific demographic group. While this has led to progress recognizing and mitigating negative bias, and having a clear notion of the targeted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Venkata S Govindarajan , Katherine Atwell , Barea Sinno , Malihe Alikhani , David I. Beaver , Junyi Jessy Li

Large language models (LLMs) reflect societal norms and biases, especially about gender. While societal biases and stereotypes have been extensively researched in various NLP applications, there is a surprising gap for emotion analysis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Amanda Cercas Curry , Alba Curry , Gavin Abercrombie , Dirk Hovy

Evaluating Large Language Models' (LLMs) anthropomorphic capabilities has become increasingly important in contemporary discourse. Utilizing the emotion appraisal theory from psychology, we propose to evaluate the empathy ability of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jen-tse Huang , Man Ho Lam , Eric John Li , Shujie Ren , Wenxuan Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

The expression of emotions that serve social purposes, such as asserting independence or fostering interdependence, is central to human interactions and varies systematically across cultures. As LLMs are increasingly used to simulate human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sree Bhattacharyya , Manas Mehta , Leona Chen , Cristina Salvador , Agata Lapedriza , Shiran Dudy , James Z. Wang

Large Language Models' (LLMs) ability to converse naturally is empowered by their ability to empathetically understand and respond to their users. However, emotional experiences are shaped by demographic and cultural contexts. This raises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ananya Malik , Nazanin Sabri , Melissa Karnaze , Mai Elsherief

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated surprising performance on many tasks, including writing supportive messages that display empathy. Here, we had these models generate empathic messages in response to posts describing common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yoon Kyung Lee , Jina Suh , Hongli Zhan , Junyi Jessy Li , Desmond C. Ong

Human emotions are often not expressed directly, but regulated according to internal processes and social display rules. For affective computing systems, an understanding of how users regulate their emotions can be highly useful, for…

This study explores the use of large language models (LLMs) to predict emotion intensity in Polish political texts, a resource-poor language context. The research compares the performance of several LLMs against a supervised model trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Hubert Plisiecki , Piotr Koc , Maria Flakus , Artur Pokropek

Differentiating generated and human-written content is increasingly difficult. We examine how an incentive to convey humanness and task characteristics shape this human vs AI race across five studies. In Study 1-2 (n=530 and n=610) humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Bennett Kleinberg , Jari Zegers , Jonas Festor , Stefana Vida , Julian Präsent , Riccardo Loconte , Sanne Peereboom

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly power conversational agents, understanding how they model users' emotional states is critical for ethical deployment. Inspired by emotion wheels -- a psychological framework that argues emotions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Bo Zhao , Maya Okawa , Eric J. Bigelow , Rose Yu , Tomer Ullman , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Hidenori Tanaka

The versatility of Large Language Models (LLMs) in natural language understanding has made them increasingly popular in mental health research. While many studies explore LLMs' capabilities in emotion recognition, a critical gap remains in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Bangzhao Shu , Isha Joshi , Melissa Karnaze , Anh C. Pham , Ishita Kakkar , Sindhu Kothe , Arpine Hovasapian , Mai ElSherief

Large language models have become increasingly common, used by millions of people worldwide in both professional and personal contexts. As these models continue to advance, they are frequently serving as virtual assistants and companions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Victoria Williams , Benjamin Rosman

Human acceptance of social robots is greatly effected by empathy and perceived understanding. This necessitates accurate and flexible responses to various input data from the user. While systems such as this can become increasingly complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jordan Sinclair , Christopher Reardon

Emotions exert an immense influence over human behavior and cognition in both commonplace and high-stress tasks. Discussions of whether or how to integrate large language models (LLMs) into everyday life (e.g., acting as proxies for, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Mattson Ogg , Chace Ashcraft , Ritwik Bose , Raphael Norman-Tenazas , Michael Wolmetz

Transformer models have significantly advanced the field of emotion recognition. However, there are still open challenges when exploring open-ended queries for Large Language Models (LLMs). Although current models offer good results,…

Large language models (LLMs) show promising capabilities in predicting human emotions from text. However, the mechanisms through which these models process emotional stimuli remain largely unexplored. Our study addresses this gap by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ala N. Tak , Amin Banayeeanzade , Anahita Bolourani , Mina Kian , Robin Jia , Jonathan Gratch

Large language models can generate responses that resemble emotional distress, and this raises concerns around model reliability and safety. We introduce a set of evaluations to investigate expressions of distress in LLMs, and find that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Anna Soligo , Vladimir Mikulik , William Saunders

While advances in fairness and alignment have helped mitigate overt biases exhibited by large language models (LLMs) when explicitly prompted, we hypothesize that these models may still exhibit implicit biases when simulating human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yuxuan Li , Hirokazu Shirado , Sauvik Das

Emotional prompting - the use of specific emotional diction in prompt engineering - has shown increasing promise in improving large language model (LLM) performance, truthfulness, and responsibility. However these studies have been limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ameen Patel , Felix Lee , Kyle Liang , Joseph Thomas
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