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We introduce a new method for predicting sunspot number (SSN) that, based on successful back projections, can predict features of the SSN several solar cycles in advance. The method applies Fourier analysis to the annual SILSO SSN record,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Ian Edmonds , Peter Killen

The tropical cyclone formation process is one of the most complex natural phenomena which is governed by various atmospheric, oceanographic, and geographic factors that varies with time and space. Despite several years of research,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-01-07 Sandeep Kumar , Koushik Biswas , Ashish Kumar Pandey

We developed a solar flare prediction model using a deep neural network (DNN), named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). The model can calculate the probability of flares occurring in the following 24 h in each active region, which is used to determine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Naoto Nishizuka , Komei Sugiura , Yuki Kubo , Mitsue Den , Mamoru Ishii

Synoptic magnetograms provide us with knowledge about the evolution of magnetic fields on the solar surface and present important information for forecasting future solar activity. In this work, poloidal and toroidal magnetic field…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-19 Irina N. Kitiashvili

Solar variability occurs over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, from the Sun's brightening over its lifetime to the fluctuations commonly associated with magnetic activity over minutes to years. The latter activity includes most…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Valentina Penza , Francesco Berrilli , Luca Bertello , Matteo Cantoresi , Serena Criscuoli

This paper presents a machine learning-based approach for predicting solar power generation with high accuracy using a 99% AUC (Area Under the Curve) metric. The approach includes data collection, pre-processing, feature selection, model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 E. Subramanian , M. Mithun Karthik , G Prem Krishna , D. Vaisnav Prasath , V. Sukesh Kumar

Anthropogenic influences have been linked to tropical cyclone (TC) poleward migration, TC extreme precipitation, and an increased proportion of major hurricanes [1, 2, 3, 4]. Understanding past TC trends and variability is critical for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Buo-Fu Chen , Boyo Chen , Chun-Min Hsiao , Hsu-Feng Teng , Cheng-Shang Lee , Hung-Chi Kuo

We apply a complex network approach to analyse the time series of five solar parameters, and propose an strategy to predict the number of sunspots for the next solar maximum, and when will this maximum will occur. The approach is based on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Eduardo Flandez , Victor Munoz

This note deals with a multivariate stochastic approach to forecast the behaviour of a cyclic time series. Particular attention is devoted to the problem of the prediction of time behaviour of sunspot numbers for the current 23th cycle. The…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Stefano Sello

The Solar Cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 David H. Hathaway

The prediction of the evolution of individual solar cycles is a developing field, faced with divergence of forecasts even for a few years in the future. Specifically for solar flares, long-term modeling is practically absent even in rough…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-30 Eleni Petrakou

Ahead-of-time forecasting of incident solar-irradiance on a panel is indicative of expected energy yield and is essential for efficient grid distribution and planning. Traditionally, these forecasts are based on meteorological physics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Talha A. Siddiqui , Samarth Bharadwaj , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events and their major subclass, Solar Proton Events (SPEs), can have unfavorable consequences on numerous aspects of life and technology, making them one of the most harmful effects of solar activity.…

Operational flare forecasting aims at providing predictions that can be used to make decisions, typically at a daily scale, about the space weather impacts of flare occurrence. This study shows that video-based deep learning can be used for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-13 Sabrina Guastavino , Francesco Marchetti , Federico Benvenuto , Cristina Campi , Michele Piana

Severity of warming predicted by climate models depends on their Transient Climate Response (TCR). Inter-model spread of TCR has persisted at ~100% of its mean for decades. Existing observational constraints of TCR are based on observed…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-25 King-Fai Li , Ka-Kit Tung

Various methods (or recipes) have been proposed to predict future solar activity levels - with mixed success. Among these, some precursor methods based upon quantities determined around or a few years before solar minimum have provided…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Manfred Schuessler

Solar cycle activity forecasting, mainly its magnitude and timing, is an essential issue for numerous scientific and technological applications: in fact, during an active solar period, many strong eruptions occur on the Sun with increasing…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-01 Stefano Sello

Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun involve a broad range of multiscale dynamics that no model can reproduce and because the available observations are highly limited and cover mostly…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-30 Irina N. Kitiashvili

For short-term solar irradiance forecasting, the traditional point forecasting methods are rendered less useful due to the non-stationary characteristic of solar power. The amount of operating reserves required to maintain reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Sakshi Mishra , Praveen Palanisamy

The 11-year solar cycle is the dominant pattern of solar activity reflecting the oscillatory dynamo mechanism in the Sun. Solar cycles were directly observed since 1700, while indirect proxies suggest their existence over a much longer…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-30 I. G. Usoskin , S. K. Solanki , N. Krivova , B. Hofer , G. A. Kovaltsov , L. Wacker , N. Brehm , B. Kromer