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Diverse synchronization dynamics within the grid-following (GFL)/grid-forming (GFM) converters-interlinked system are prone to induce oscillatory instabilities. To quantify their stability influences, frequency-domain modal analysis (FMA)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-02 Haoxiang Zong , Chen Zhang , Marta Molinas

This paper explores the modal analysis of power systems with high Converter-Interfaced Generation (CIG) penetration utilizing an impedance-based modeling approach. Traditional modal analysis based on the state-space model (MASS) requires…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-04 Le Zheng , Jiajie Zheng , Jiajian Lin , Chongru Liu

This paper presents an extensive framework focused on the control design, along with stability and performance analysis, of Grid-Following Inverters (GFL). It aims to ensure their effective operation under both stiff and weak grid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Alireza Askarian , Jaesang Park , Srinivasa Salapaka

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

This paper develops a grey-box approach to small-signal stability analysis of complex power systems that facilitates root-cause tracing without requiring disclosure of the full details of the internal control structure of apparatus…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-14 Yue Zhu , Yunjie Gu , Yitong Li , Timothy C. Green

Understanding the impact of grid-following (GFL) converters on system frequency dynamics is crucial, from both the center of inertia (COI) and frequency spatial variation perspectives. Part I of this series clarifies the mechanisms by which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Jiahao Liu , Cheng Wang , Tianshu Bi

We present a novel, integrated control framework designed to achieve seamless transitions among a spectrum of inverter operation modes. The operation spectrum includes grid-forming (GFM), grid-following (GFL), static synchronous compensator…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Alireza Askarian , Jaesang Park , Srinivasa Salapaka

The paper establishes a methodology to overcome the difficulty of dynamic frame alignment and system separation in impedance modeling of ac grids, and thereby enables impedance-based whole-system modeling of generator-converter composite…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Yunjie Gu , Yitong Li , Yue Zhu , Tim Green

Besides the center of inertia (COI) frequency dynamics addressed in Part I, the spatial frequency variation in power systems with grid-following (GFL) converters is also crucial. Part II revisits the effect of GFLs on frequency spatial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Jiahao Liu , Cheng Wang , Tianshu Bi

Unprecedented dynamic phenomena may appear in power grids due to higher and higher penetration of inverter-based resources (IBR), e.g., wind and solar photovoltaic (PV). A major challenge in dynamic modeling and analysis is that unlike…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-10 Lingling Fan , Zhixin Miao

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources exacerbates the spatial and temporal differences in frequency across the power system, posing a serious challenge to the accurate and efficient assessment of system frequency security.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Changjun He , Hua Geng , Xiuqiang He , Chen Shen , Yushuang Liu

The impedance criterion has emerged as an alternative way to stability assessment of grid-connected power electronic converters. However, the lack of physical meaning of impedance and admittance matrices hinders the ability to understand…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Josue Andino , Milan Prodanovic , Javier Roldan-Perez

This paper studies the numerical deformation that time-domain integration (TDI) methods introduce to the shape of the coupling between the dynamic modes and variables of power system models. To this aim, we employ a small-signal stability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Carlo Tajoli , Georgios Tzounas , Gabriela Hug

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the data-driven characterization of power system dynamics. The developed method of Extended Subspace Identification (ESI) is suitable for systems with output measurements when all the dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-05 Pranav Sharma , Venkataramana Ajjarapu , Umesh Vaidya

This paper employs modal analysis to study the core inertial dynamics of governor-controlled synchronous generators (GC-SG), droop-based grid-forming (GFM) converters, and their most fundamental interactions. The results indicate that even…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Gerardo Medrano , Santiago Cóbreces

Power dissipation in electromagnetic absorbers is a quadratic function of the incident fields. To characterize an absorber, one needs to deal with the coupling that may occur between different excitations. Energy Absorption Interferometry…

This thesis proposes novel Small-Signal Stability Analysis (SSSA)-based techniques that contribute to electric power system modal analysis, automatic control, and numerical integration. Modal analysis is a fundamental tool for power system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-03 Georgios Tzounas

The rapid electrification and intelligence of modern transportation systems place stringent demands on the electromagnetic compatibility, reliability, and adaptability of automotive power electronics. In electric and autonomous vehicles,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Mahuizi Lu , Kelin Jia , Rajib Goswami , Yukun Hu

The rigorous stability analysis of high-order implicit-explicit multistep (IEMS) methods for nonlinear parabolic equations by using discrete energy arguments is a long standing open issue due to their non-A-stable property. A novel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Hong-lin Liao , Chaoyu Quan , Tao Tang , Tao Zhou

Grid-following (GFL) inverters have very different large-signal stability characteristics to synchronous generators, and convenient concepts such as the equal-area criterion and global energy function do not apply in the same way. Existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Yifan Zhang , Yaoxin Wang , Yunjie Gu , Yitong Li , Sijia Geng , Yue Zhu , Hsiao-Dong Chiang , Timothy C. Green
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