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Radon is one of the most important sources of background in rare event search experiments, such as those searching for Dark Matter and neutrinos, due to its unavoidable production from natural uranium. In low-background experiments, radon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-29 P. Adhikari , M. G. Boulay , R. Crampton , D. Gallacher , M. Perry

Radioactive radon atoms originating from the long-lived primordial $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ and $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ decay chains are constantly emanated from the surfaces of most materials. The radon atoms and their radioactive daughter isotopes…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-30 D. Wiebe , S. Lindemann , M. Schumann

Rare event searches such as neutrinoless double beta decay and Weakly Interacting Massive Particle detection require ultra-low background detectors. Radon contamination is a significant challenge for these experiments, which employ highly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-11 nEXO Collaboration , A. Anker , P. A. Breur , B. Mong , P. Acharya , A. Amy , E. Angelico , I. J. Arnquist , A. Atencio , J. Bane , V. Belov , E. P. Bernard , T. Bhatta , A. Bolotnikov , J. Breslin , J. P. Brodsky , S. Bron , E. Brown , T. Brunner , B. Burnell , E. Caden , L. Q. Cao , G. F. Cao , D. Cesmecioglu , D. Chernyak , M. Chiu , R. Collister , T. Daniels , L. Darroch , R. DeVoe , M. L. di Vacri , Y. Y. Ding , M. J. Dolinski , A. Dragone , B. Eckert , M. Elbeltagi , A. Emara , W. Fairbank , N. Fatemighomi , B. Foust , Y. S. Fu , D. Gallacher , N. Gallice , G. Giacomini , W. Gillis , A. Gorham , R. Gornea , G. Gratta , Y. D. Guan , C. A. Hardy , S. Hedges , M. Heffner , E. Hein , J. D. Holt , A. Iverson , X. S. Jiang , A. Karelin , D. Keblbeck , I. Kotov , A. Kuchenkov , K. S. Kumar , A. Larson , M. B. Latif , K. G. Leach , B. G. Lenardo , A. Lennarz , D. S. Leonard , K. Leung , H. Lewis , G. Li , X. Li , Z. Li , C. Licciardi , R. Lindsay , R. MacLellan , S. Majidi , C. Malbrunot , M. Marquis , J. Masbou , M. Medina-Peregrina , S. Mngonyama , D. C. Moore , X. E. Ngwadla , K. Ni , A. Nolan , S. C. Nowicki , J. C. Nzobadila Ondze , A. Odian , J. L. Orrell , G. S. Ortega , C. T. Overman , L. Pagani , H. Peltz Smalley , A. Perna , A. Piepke , A. Pocar , V. Radeka , E. Raguzin , R. Rai , H. Rasiwala , D. Ray , S. Rescia , F. Retiére , G. Richardson , N. Rocco , R. Ross , P. C. Rowson , R. Saldanha , S. Sangiorgio , S. Sekula , T. Shetty , L. Si , F. Spadoni , V. Stekhanov , X. L. Sun , S. Thibado , T. Totev , S. Triambak , R. H. M. Tsang , O. A. Tyuka , E. van Bruggen , M. Vidal , S. Viel , M. Walent , H. Wang , Q. D. Wang , Y. G. Wang , M. Watts , M. Wehrfritz , W. Wei , L. J. Wen , U. Wichoski , S. Wilde , M. Worcester , X. M. Wu , H. Xu , H. B. Yang , L. Yang , M. Yu , O. Zeldovich , J. Zhao

In low-background particle physics experiments, surface deposition of radon progeny presents a significant background challenge. To characterize this contamination, a high-sensitivity surface $\alpha$-activity measurement system was…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-03 C. B. Z. Luo , C. Guo , L. P. Xiang , Y. H. Niu , F. G. Mo , J. C. Liu , Y. P. Zhang , C. G. Yang

The PandaX-4T distillation system, designed for the removal of krypton and radon from xenon, is evaluated for its radon removal efficiency using a $^{222}$Rn source during the online distillation process. The PandaX-4T dark matter detector…

We construct a high sensitivity radon pilot detector using liquid scintillator dissolved radon for the CDEX rare-event searches program. The CDEX-10 project employs a germanium detector array immersed in a massive liquid nitrogen tank.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-16 Qian-Yun Li , Ming-Xuan Li , Ren-Ming-Jie Li , Shin-Ted Lin , Shu-Kui Liu , Chang-Jian Tang , Hao-Yang Xing , Jing-Jun Zhu , Qian Yue , Li-Tao Yang

Measuring radon emanation from detector materials is a key method for controlling radon, a significant background in rare-event physics experiments. Methods for measuring radon emanation are well-established but have predominantly focused…

This article describes a radon emanation measurement technique using liquid scintillator counting. A model for radon loading and transport is described, along with its calibration. Detector background and blank have been studied and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-01-30 A. B. M. R. Sazzad , P. Acharya , P. Back , J. Busenitz , D. Chernyak , Y. Meng , A. Piepke , C. A. Rhyne , R. Tsang

Radon and radon daughters pose significant backgrounds to rare-event searching experiments. Activated carbon, which has very strong adsorption capacity for radon, can be used for radon removal and radon enrichment. The internal $^{226}$Ra…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-16 Y. Y. Chen , Y. P. Zhang , Y. Liu , J. C. Liu , C. Guo , P. Zhang , S. K. Qiu , C. G. Yang , Q. Tang

The radioactive noble gas radon can be a serious background source in the underground particle physics experiments studying processes that deposit energy comparable to its decay products. Low energy solar neutrino measurements at…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-12 Y. Nakano , T. Hokama , M. Matsubara , M. Miwa , M. Nakahata , T. Nakamura , H. Sekiya , Y. Takeuchi , S. Tasaka , R. A. Wendell

Radon gas emanating from materials is of interest in environmental science and also a major concern in rare event non-accelerator particle physics experiments such as dark matter and double beta decay searches, where it is a major source of…

The continuous emanation of radon due to trace amounts of uranium and thorium in detector materials introduces radon to the active detection volume of low-background rare event search detectors. $^{222}$Rn produces a particularly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-06-08 M. Arthurs , D. Q. Huang , C. Amarasinghe , E. Miller , W. Lorenzon

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that contributes significantly to human radiation exposure and must be controlled to avoid concentrations harmful to health. The paper presents an impulse-proportional ionization chamber that…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-12-25 Ralf Nötzel , Kerstin Weinberg

Radon emanation was projected to account for $>50$% of the electron recoil background in the WIMP region of interest for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. To mitigate the amount of radon inside the detector volume, materials with inherently…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-11-23 N. I. Chott , R. W. Schnee

In recent years, the issue of radon emanation and diffusion has become a critical concern for rare decay experiments, such as JUNO and PandaX-4T. This paper introduces a detector design featuring a symmetric radon detector cavity for the…

We developed a highly sensitive, reliable and portable automatic system (H$^{3}$) to monitor the radon concentration of the underground experimental halls of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. H$^{3}$ is able to measure radon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-01-20 M. C. Chu , K. K. Kwan , M. W. Kwok , T. Kwok , J. K. C. Leung , K. Y. Leung , Y. C. Lin , K. B. Luk , C. S. J. Pun

The radiation emitted from radon is a critical background in rare event search experiments conducted at the Yemi Underground Laboratory (Yemilab) in Jeongseon, Korea. A Radon Reduction System(RRS) has been developed and installed in Yemilab…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-09 Kyungmin Seo , Hyunsoo Kim , Yeongduk Kim , Hyeyoung Lee , Jaison Lee , Moo Hyun Lee , Jungho So , Sangcheol Yoon , Youngsoo Yoon

An online cryogenic distillation system for the removal of krypton and radon from xenon was designed and constructed for PandaX-4T, a highly sensitive dark matter detection experiment. The krypton content in a commercial xenon product is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-08-11 Xiangyi Cui , Zhou Wang , Yonglin Ju , Xiuli Wang , Huaxuan Liu , Wenbo Ma , Jianglai Liu , Li Zhao , Xiangdong Ji , Shuaijie Li , Rui Yan , Haidong Sha , Peiyao Huang

In order to reduce backgrounds from radon-daughter plate-out onto detector surfaces, an ultra-low-radon cleanroom is being commissioned at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. An improved vacuum-swing-adsorption radon mitigation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-09-02 J. Street , R. Bunker , C. Dunagan , X. Loose , R. W. Schnee , M. Stark , K. Sundarnath , D. Tronstad

Radioactive noble gas radon ($\mathrm{^{222}Rn}$) is one of the major background sources below the MeV region in rare event search experiments. To precisely measure radon concentration in purified gases, a radon detector with an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-14 K. Okamoto , Y. Nakano , G. Pronost , H. Sekiya , S. Tasaka , Y. Takeuchi , M. Nakahata
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