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Characterizing the asymptotic distributions of eigenvectors for large random matrices poses important challenges yet can provide useful insights into a range of statistical applications. To this end, in this paper we introduce a general…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Jianqing Fan , Yingying Fan , Xiao Han , Jinchi Lv

Using our previously published algorithm, we analyze the eigenvectors of the generalized Laplacian for two metric graphs occurring in practical applications. As expected, localization of an eigenvector is rare and the network should be…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-02-08 H. Kravitz , M. Brio , J. -G. Caputo

Graph embedding seeks to build a low-dimensional representation of a graph G. This low-dimensional representation is then used for various downstream tasks. One popular approach is Laplacian Eigenmaps, which constructs a graph embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Leo Torres , Kevin S Chan , Tina Eliassi-Rad

We prove a central limit theorem for the components of the eigenvectors corresponding to the $d$ largest eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix of a finite dimensional random dot product graph. As a corollary, we show that for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-29 Minh Tang , Carey E. Priebe

Sample correlation matrices are employed ubiquitously in statistics. However, quite surprisingly, little is known about their asymptotic spectral properties for high-dimensional data, particularly beyond the case of "null models" for which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-13 David Morales-Jimenez , Iain M. Johnstone , Matthew R. McKay , Jeha Yang

We present a comprehensive extension of the latent position network model known as the random dot product graph to accommodate multiple graphs -- both undirected and directed -- which share a common subset of nodes, and propose a method for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-26 Andrew Jones , Patrick Rubin-Delanchy

Spectral embedding is a procedure which can be used to obtain vector representations of the nodes of a graph. This paper proposes a generalisation of the latent position network model known as the random dot product graph, to allow…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-17 Patrick Rubin-Delanchy , Joshua Cape , Minh Tang , Carey E. Priebe

Rayleigh-Schr\"{o}dinger perturbation theory is a well-known theory in quantum mechanics and it offers useful characterization of eigenvectors of a perturbed matrix. Suppose $A$ and perturbation $E$ are both Hermitian matrices, $A^t = A +…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-02 Yiqiao Zhong

Several graph data mining, signal processing, and machine learning downstream tasks rely on information related to the eigenvectors of the associated adjacency or Laplacian matrix. Classical eigendecomposition methods are powerful when the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Mohammad Eini , Abdullah Karaaslanli , Vassilis Kalantzis , Panagiotis A. Traganitis

Pseudo-hermitian matrices are matrices hermitian with respect to an indefinite metric. They can be thought of as the truncation of pseudo-hermitian operators, defined over some Krein space, together with the associated metric, to a finite…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-02-03 Joshua Feinberg , Roman Riser

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the extreme eigenvectors in a general spiked covariance matrix, where the dimension and sample size increase proportionally. We eliminate the restrictive assumption of the block…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Zhangni Pu , Xiaozhuo Zhang , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai

The Laplacian representation recently gains increasing attention for reinforcement learning as it provides succinct and informative representation for states, by taking the eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix of the state-transition graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Kaixin Wang , Kuangqi Zhou , Qixin Zhang , Jie Shao , Bryan Hooi , Jiashi Feng

We note that building a magnetic Laplacian from the Markov transition matrix, rather than the graph adjacency matrix, yields several benefits for the magnetic eigenmaps algorithm. The two largest benefits are that the embedding becomes more…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Alexander Cloninger

Consider any random graph model where potential edges appear independently, with possibly different probabilities, and assume that the minimum expected degree is omega(ln n). We prove that the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian of that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-10 Roberto Imbuzeiro Oliveira

This is a tutorial on some basic non-asymptotic methods and concepts in random matrix theory. The reader will learn several tools for the analysis of the extreme singular values of random matrices with independent rows or columns. Many of…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-21 Roman Vershynin

Laplacian eigenvectors capture natural community structures on graphs and are widely used in spectral clustering and manifold learning. The use of Laplacian eigenvectors as embeddings for the purpose of multiscale graph comparison has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-07 Edric Tam , David Dunson

The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is pivotal in statistical inference, yet its application is often hindered by the absence of closed-form solutions for many models. This poses challenges in real-time computation scenarios,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-16 Pedro L. Ramos , Eduardo Ramos , Francisco A. Rodrigues , Francisco Louzada

In this paper we generalise the results on eigenvalues and eigenvectors of unnormalized (combinatorial) Laplacian of two-dimensional grid presented by Edwards:2013 first to a grid graph of any dimension, and second also to other types of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-09-02 Mieczysław A. Kłopotek

We review our recent results on pseudo-hermitian random matrix theory which were hitherto presented in various conferences and talks. (Detailed accounts of our work will appear soon in separate publications.) Following an introduction of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Joshua Feinberg , Roman Riser

Recent research has shown growing interest in modeling hypergraphs, which capture polyadic interactions among entities beyond traditional dyadic relations. However, most existing methodologies for hypergraphs face significant limitations,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-04 Shihao Wu , Gongjun Xu , Ji Zhu
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