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Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are widely used to maintain the stability of network environments, but still face restrictions in generalizability due to the heterogeneity of network traffics. In this work, we propose BERTector, a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Haoyang Hu , Xun Huang , Chenyu Wu , Shiwen Liu , Zhichao Lian , Shuangquan Zhang

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential tools for detecting network attacks and intrusions. While extensive research has explored the use of supervised Machine Learning for attack detection and characterisation, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Georgios Anyfantis , Pere Barlet-Ros

Encrypted network communication ensures confidentiality, integrity, and privacy between endpoints. However, attackers are increasingly exploiting encryption to conceal malicious behavior. Detecting unknown encrypted malicious traffic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Sileshi Nibret Zeleke , Amsalu Fentie Jember , Mario Bochicchio

Cyber-security garnered significant attention due to the increased dependency of individuals and organizations on the Internet and their concern about the security and privacy of their online activities. Several previous machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-11 MohammadNoor Injadat , Abdallah Moubayed , Ali Bou Nassif , Abdallah Shami

Machine Learning (ML) techniques are increasingly adopted to tackle ever-evolving high-profile network attacks, including DDoS, botnet, and ransomware, due to their unique ability to extract complex patterns hidden in data streams. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Haoyu Liu , Paul Patras

An application of software known as an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) employs machine algorithms to identify network intrusions. Selective logging, safeguarding privacy, reputation-based defense against numerous attacks, and dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Muhammad Zawad Mahmud , Samiha Islam , Shahran Rahman Alve , Al Jubayer Pial

Since it is impossible to predict and identify all the vulnerabilities of a network, and penetration into a system by malicious intruders cannot always be prevented, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are essential entities for ensuring the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Jaydip Sen

Machine learning has proved invaluable for a range of different tasks, yet it also proved vulnerable to evasion attacks, i.e., maliciously crafted perturbations of input data designed to force mispredictions. In this paper we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Stefano Calzavara , Pietro Ferrara , Claudio Lucchese

Due to their massive success in various domains, deep learning techniques are increasingly used to design network intrusion detection solutions that detect and mitigate unknown and known attacks with high accuracy detection rates and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Huda Ali Alatwi , Charles Morisset

The intrusion detection system (IDS) is an essential element of security monitoring in computer networks. An IDS distinguishes the malicious traffic from the benign one and determines the attack types targeting the assets of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Mahdi Soltani , Behzad Ousat , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Amir Hossein Jahangir

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) built on artificial intelligence (AI) are presented as latent mechanisms for actively detecting fresh attacks over a complex network. Although review papers are used the systematic review or simple methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ziadoon K. Maseer , Robiah Yusof , Baidaa Al-Bander , Abdu Saif , Qusay Kanaan Kadhim

The growth of networked and IoT systems has intensified cyber-security threats and exposed the limits of traditional signature-based intrusion detection. Although machine-learning-based intrusion detection systems often report strong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Md Zakir Hossain , Md Ayshik Rahman Khan , Md Rafiqul Islam , Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam , Tom Gedeon

This paper introduces eX-NIDS, a framework designed to enhance interpretability in flow-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs). In our proposed framework, flows labelled as malicious by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Paul R. B. Houssel , Siamak Layeghy , Priyanka Singh , Marius Portmann

Critical role of Internet of Things (IoT) in various domains like smart city, healthcare, supply chain and transportation has made them the target of malicious attacks. Past works in this area focused on centralized Intrusion Detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Sayan Chatterjee , Manjesh K. Hanawal

Insider threats, as one type of the most challenging threats in cyberspace, usually cause significant loss to organizations. While the problem of insider threat detection has been studied for a long time in both security and data mining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Shuhan Yuan , Xintao Wu

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) face important limitations. Signature-based methods are effective for known attack patterns, but they struggle to detect zero-day attacks and often miss modified variants of previously known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Md Shamimul Islam , Luis G. Jaimes , Ayesha S. Dina

As an active network security protection scheme, intrusion detection system (IDS) undertakes the important responsibility of detecting network attacks in the form of malicious network traffic. Intrusion detection technology is an important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yi Cui , Wenfeng Shen , Jian Zhang , Weijia Lu , Chuang Liu , Lin Sun , Si Chen

A new semi-supervised ensemble algorithm called XGBOD (Extreme Gradient Boosting Outlier Detection) is proposed, described and demonstrated for the enhanced detection of outliers from normal observations in various practical datasets. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yue Zhao , Maciej K. Hryniewicki

Traditional security protection methods struggle to address sophisticated attack vectors in large-scale distributed systems, particularly when balancing detection accuracy with data privacy concerns. This paper presents a novel distributed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yuqing Wang , Xiao Yang

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a crucial role in ensuring the security of computer networks. Machine learning has emerged as a popular approach for intrusion detection due to its ability to analyze and detect patterns in large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Amine Tellache , Amdjed Mokhtari , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane