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Creating machines capable of understanding the world in 3D is essential in assisting designers that build and edit 3D environments and robots navigating and interacting within a three-dimensional space. Inspired by advances in language and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Aadarsh Sahoo , Vansh Tibrewal , Georgia Gkioxari

3D scene understanding has gained significant attention due to its wide range of applications. However, existing methods for 3D scene understanding are limited to specific downstream tasks, which hinders their practicality in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Zehan Wang , Haifeng Huang , Yang Zhao , Ziang Zhang , Zhou Zhao

Spatial consistency is a fundamental property of the visual world and a key requirement for models that aim to understand physical reality. Despite recent advances, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle to reason about 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Om Khangaonkar , Hadi J. Rad , Hamed Pirsiavash

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promise in instruction following and 2D image understanding. While these models are powerful, they have not yet been developed to comprehend the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Senqiao Yang , Jiaming Liu , Ray Zhang , Mingjie Pan , Zoey Guo , Xiaoqi Li , Zehui Chen , Peng Gao , Yandong Guo , Shanghang Zhang

Large Multimodal Model (LMM) is a hot research topic in the computer vision area and has also demonstrated remarkable potential across multiple disciplinary fields. A recent trend is to further extend and enhance the perception capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yang Jiao , Shaoxiang Chen , Zequn Jie , Jingjing Chen , Lin Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

While multi-modality large language models excel in object-centric or indoor scenarios, scaling them to 3D city-scale environments remains a formidable challenge. To bridge this gap, we propose 3DCity-LLM, a unified framework designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yiping Chen , Jinpeng Li , Wenyu Ke , Yang Luo , Jie Ouyang , Zhongjie He , Li Liu , Hongchao Fan , Hao Wu

While 3D Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable scene understanding capabilities, their practical deployment faces critical challenges due to computational inefficiency. The key bottleneck stems from processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wencan Huang , Daizong Liu , Wei Hu

Recent advancements in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential for 3D scene understanding. However, existing methods struggle with fine-grained object grounding and contextual reasoning, limiting their ability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haifeng Huang , Yilun Chen , Zehan Wang , Jiangmiao Pang , Zhou Zhao

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have recently gained prominence in autonomous driving research, showcasing promising capabilities across various emerging benchmarks. LMMs specifically designed for this domain have demonstrated effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Ayesha Ishaq , Jean Lahoud , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan , Hisham Cholakkal , Rao Muhammad Anwer

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in connecting vision and language, but they still struggle with spatial understanding and viewpoint-aware reasoning. Recent efforts aim to augment the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Kevin Qu , Haozhe Qi , Mihai Dusmanu , Mahdi Rad , Rui Wang , Marc Pollefeys

Driven by the great success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the 2D image domain, their applications in 3D scene understanding has emerged as a new trend. A key difference between 3D and 2D is that the situation of an egocentric observer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Zhihao Yuan , Yibo Peng , Jinke Ren , Yinghong Liao , Yatong Han , Chun-Mei Feng , Hengshuang Zhao , Guanbin Li , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

The rising importance of 3D understanding, pivotal in computer vision, autonomous driving, and robotics, is evident. However, a prevailing trend, which straightforwardly resorted to transferring 2D alignment strategies to the 3D domain,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Jiayi Ji , Haowei Wang , Changli Wu , Yiwei Ma , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

The rapid development of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has led to remarkable progress in 2D visual understanding; however, extending these capabilities to 3D scene understanding remains a significant challenge. Existing approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Hongpei Zheng , Lintao Xiang , Qijun Yang , Qian Lin , Hujun Yin

Multi-modal 3D scene understanding has gained considerable attention due to its wide applications in many areas, such as autonomous driving and human-computer interaction. Compared to conventional single-modal 3D understanding, introducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Yinjie Lei , Zixuan Wang , Feng Chen , Guoqing Wang , Peng Wang , Yang Yang

A 3D scene graph represents a compact scene model by capturing both the objects present and the semantic relationships between them, making it a promising structure for robotic applications. To effectively interact with users, an embodied…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Tatiana Zemskova , Dmitry Yudin

3D scene understanding is an important task, and there has been a recent surge of research interest in aligning 3D representations of point clouds with text to empower embodied AI. However, due to the lack of comprehensive 3D benchmarks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Qihang Cao , Huangxun Chen

Advancements in foundation models have made it possible to conduct applications in various downstream tasks. Especially, the new era has witnessed a remarkable capability to extend Large Language Models (LLMs) for tackling tasks of 3D scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yifan Xu , Chao Zhang , Hanqi Jiang , Xiaoyan Wang , Ruifei Ma , Yiwei Li , Zihao Wu , Zeju Li , Xiangde Liu

Human vision is capable of transforming two-dimensional observations into an egocentric three-dimensional scene understanding, which underpins the ability to translate complex scenes and exhibit adaptive behaviors. This capability, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Pei Liu , Hongliang Lu , Haichao Liu , Haipeng Liu , Xin Liu , Ruoyu Yao , Shengbo Eben Li , Jun Ma

In this study, we present IL3D, a large-scale dataset meticulously designed for large language model (LLM)-driven 3D scene generation, addressing the pressing demand for diverse, high-quality training data in indoor layout design.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Wenxu Zhou , Kaixuan Nie , Hang Du , Dong Yin , Wei Huang , Siqiang Guo , Xiaobo Zhang , Pengbo Hu

Driven by large-scale contrastive vision-language pre-trained models such as CLIP, recent advancements in the image-text matching task have achieved remarkable success in representation learning. Due to image-level visual-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Mengxiao Tian , Xinxiao Wu , Shuo Yang