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Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles

An ideal vision-language agent serves as a bridge between the human users and their surrounding physical world in real-world applications like autonomous driving and embodied agents, and proactively provides accurate and timely responses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Gengyuan Zhang , Tanveer Hannan , Hermine Kleiner , Beste Aydemir , Xinyu Xie , Jian Lan , Thomas Seidl , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Autonomous agent frameworks still struggle to reconcile long-term experiential learning with real-time, context-sensitive decision-making. In practice, this gap appears as static cognition, rigid workflow dependence, and inefficient context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiaoxing Wang , Ning Liao , Shikun Wei , Chen Tang , Feiyu Xiong

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled LLM-based agents to directly interact with application user interfaces (UIs), enhancing agents' performance in complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from high latency and low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junting Lu , Zhiyang Zhang , Fangkai Yang , Jue Zhang , Lu Wang , Chao Du , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly demonstrated the ability to facilitate the development of multi-agent systems that allow the interpretation of thoughts and actions generated by each individual. Promising advancements have…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Asher Sprigler , Alexander Drobek , Keagan Weinstock , Wendpanga Tapsoba , Gavin Childress , Andy Dao , Lucas Gral

Tool learning empowers large language models (LLMs) as agents to use external tools and extend their utility. Existing methods employ one single LLM-based agent to iteratively select and execute tools, thereafter incorporating execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Xiuyi Chen , Yue Feng , Lingyong Yan , Haibo Shi , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Neural Networks (NNs) trained through supervised learning struggle with managing edge-case scenarios common in real-world driving due to the intractability of exhaustive datasets covering all edge-cases, making knowledge-driven approaches,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Nicolas Baumann , Cheng Hu , Paviththiren Sivasothilingam , Haotong Qin , Lei Xie , Michele Magno , Luca Benini

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

In order to flexibly act in an everyday environment, a robotic agent needs a variety of cognitive capabilities that enable it to reason about plans and perform execution recovery. Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to demonstrate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shinas Shaji , Fabian Huppertz , Alex Mitrevski , Sebastian Houben

Connected and autonomous driving is developing rapidly in recent years. However, current autonomous driving systems, which are primarily based on data-driven approaches, exhibit deficiencies in interpretability, generalization, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Senkang Hu , Zhengru Fang , Zihan Fang , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Large Action Models (LAMs) for AI Agents offer incredible potential but face challenges due to the need for high-quality training data, especially for multi-steps tasks that involve planning, executing tool calls, and responding to…

Recent advancements in foundation models (FMs) have unlocked new prospects in autonomous driving, yet the experimental settings of these studies are preliminary, over-simplified, and fail to capture the complexity of real-world driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yidong Huang , Jacob Sansom , Ziqiao Ma , Felix Gervits , Joyce Chai

With the advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM), LLM-driven visual agents are increasingly impacting software interfaces, particularly those with graphical user interfaces. This work introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yanda Li , Chi Zhang , Wenjia Jiang , Wanqi Yang , Bin Fu , Pei Cheng , Xin Chen , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei

Understanding and replicating human mobility requires not only spatial-temporal accuracy but also an awareness of the cognitive hierarchy underlying real-world travel decisions. Traditional agent-based or deep learning models can reproduce…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Qiumeng Li , Chunhou Ji , Xinyue Liu

Optimization is as much about modeling the right problem as solving it. Identifying the right objectives, constraints, and trade-offs demands extensive interaction between researchers and stakeholders. Large language models can empower…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Joshua Drossman , Alexandre Jacquillat , Sébastien Martin

One of the key challenges in current Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based Automated Driving (AD) agents is achieving flexible, precise, and human-like behavior cost-effectively. This paper introduces an innovative approach that uses large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Ziqi Zhou , Jingyue Zhang , Jingyuan Zhang , Yangfan He , Boyue Wang , Tianyu Shi , Alaa Khamis

This paper presents an improved system based on our prior work, designed to create explanations for autonomous robot actions during Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Previously, we developed a system that used Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising approach to unify perception, prediction, and planning within a single framework, reducing information loss and improving adaptability. However, existing methods often rely on fixed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yuhang Lu , Jiadong Tu , Yuexin Ma , Xinge Zhu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into robotics has unlocked unprecedented capabilities in high-level task planning. However, most current systems operate in an open-loop fashion, where LLMs act as one-shot planners, rendering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Anjali R. Menon , Rohit K. Sharma , Priya Singh , Chengyu Wang , Aurora M. Ferreira , Mateja Novak

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…

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