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Modular vision-language models (Vision-LLMs) align pretrained image encoders with (frozen) large language models (LLMs) and post-hoc condition LLMs to `understand' the image input. With the abundance of readily available high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Gregor Geigle , Abhay Jain , Radu Timofte , Goran Glavaš

The advent of pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly transformed Continual Learning (CL), mainly due to their zero-shot classification abilities. Such proficiency makes VLMs well-suited for real-world applications,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Aniello Panariello , Emanuele Frascaroli , Pietro Buzzega , Lorenzo Bonicelli , Angelo Porrello , Simone Calderara

Material classification has emerged as a critical task in computer vision and graphics, supporting the assignment of accurate material properties to a wide range of digital and real-world applications. While traditionally framed as an image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Qingran Lin , Fengwei Yang , Chaolun Zhu

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenge task that combines natural language processing and computer vision techniques and gradually becomes a benchmark test task in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The goal of our survey is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiayi Kuang , Jingyou Xie , Haohao Luo , Ronghao Li , Zhe Xu , Xianfeng Cheng , Yinghui Li , Xika Lin , Ying Shen

Vision Language Models (VLMs) encode multimodal inputs over large, complex, and difficult-to-interpret architectures, which limit transparency and trust. We propose a Multimodal Inversion for Model Interpretation and Conceptualization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Animesh Jain , Alexandros Stergiou

We introduce Visual Caption Restoration (VCR), a novel vision-language task that challenges models to accurately restore partially obscured texts using pixel-level hints within images. This task stems from the observation that text embedded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Tianyu Zhang , Suyuchen Wang , Lu Li , Ge Zhang , Perouz Taslakian , Sai Rajeswar , Jie Fu , Bang Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP have demonstrated impressive zero-shot performance on a wide range of downstream computer vision tasks. However, there still exists a considerable performance gap between these models and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bardia Safaei , Vishal M. Patel

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has been a celebrated method for training vision encoders to generate image/text representations facilitating various applications. Recently, CLIP has been widely adopted as the vision backbone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hong-You Chen , Zhengfeng Lai , Haotian Zhang , Xinze Wang , Marcin Eichner , Keen You , Meng Cao , Bowen Zhang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

We present Visual Lexicon, a novel visual language that encodes rich image information into the text space of vocabulary tokens while retaining intricate visual details that are often challenging to convey in natural language. Unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 XuDong Wang , Xingyi Zhou , Alireza Fathi , Trevor Darrell , Cordelia Schmid

Embodied AI is widely recognized as a cornerstone of artificial general intelligence (AGI) because it involves controlling embodied agents to perform tasks in the physical world. Building on the success of large language models (LLMs) and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yueen Ma , Zixing Song , Yuzheng Zhuang , Jianye Hao , Irwin King

Multimodal embedding models aim to map heterogeneous inputs, such as text, images, videos, and audio, into a shared semantic space. However, existing methods and benchmarks remain largely limited to partial modality coverage, making it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haohang Huang , Xuan Lu , Mingyi Su , Xuan Zhang , Ziyan Jiang , Ping Nie , Kai Zou , Tomas Pfister , Wenhu Chen , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen , Rui Meng

Humans tend to decompose a sentence into different parts like \textsc{sth do sth at someplace} and then fill each part with certain content. Inspired by this, we follow the \textit{principle of modular design} to propose a novel image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Xu Yang , Hanwang Zhang , Chongyang Gao , Jianfei Cai

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly reshaped the trajectory of the AI revolution. Nevertheless, these LLMs exhibit a notable limitation, as they are primarily adept at processing textual information. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Arkadeep Acharya , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are pivotal for real-world AI tasks like embodied intelligence due to their strong vision-language reasoning abilities. However, current LVLMs process entire images at the token level, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Run Luo , Renke Shan , Longze Chen , Ziqiang Liu , Lu Wang , Min Yang , Xiaobo Xia

Understanding verbs is crucial to modelling how people and objects interact with each other and the environment through space and time. Recently, state-of-the-art video-language models based on CLIP have been shown to have limited verb…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Liliane Momeni , Mathilde Caron , Arsha Nagrani , Andrew Zisserman , Cordelia Schmid

Since the resurgence of deep learning, vision-language models (VLMs) enhanced by large language models (LLMs) have grown exponentially in popularity. However, while LLMs can utilize extensive background knowledge and task information with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Haozhe Zhao , Zefan Cai , Shuzheng Si , Xiaojian Ma , Kaikai An , Liang Chen , Zixuan Liu , Sheng Wang , Wenjuan Han , Baobao Chang

In recent times, the standard practice for developing MLLMs is to feed features from vision encoder(s) into the LLM and train with natural language supervision. This approach often causes models to lean towards language comprehension and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jitesh Jain , Zhengyuan Yang , Humphrey Shi , Jianfeng Gao , Jianwei Yang

This paper explores the effectiveness of Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) as assistive technologies for visually impaired individuals. We conduct a user survey to identify adoption patterns and key challenges users face with such…

In Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs), the efficacy of In-Context Learning (ICL) remains limited by challenges in cross-modal interactions and representation disparities. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a novel Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yucheng Zhou , Xiang Li , Qianning Wang , Jianbing Shen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising advancements in general visual and language understanding. However, the representation of multimodal information using MLLMs remains largely unexplored. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ting Jiang , Minghui Song , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang