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As the field of healthcare increasingly adopts artificial intelligence, it becomes important to understand which types of explanations increase transparency and empower users to develop confidence and trust in the predictions made by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Felix Liedeker , Olivia Sanchez-Graillet , Moana Seidler , Christian Brandt , Jörg Wellmer , Philipp Cimiano

In this paper, we study the problem of AI explanation of misinformation, where the goal is to identify explanation designs that help improve users' misinformation detection abilities and their overall user experiences. Our work is motivated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yeaeun Gong , Yifan Liu , Lanyu Shang , Na Wei , Dong Wang

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a set of techniques that allows the understanding of both technical and non-technical aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. XAI is crucial to help satisfying the increasingly important…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Riccardo Crupi , Alessandro Castelnovo , Daniele Regoli , Beatriz San Miguel Gonzalez

Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better)…

Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a prominent method in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), providing intuitive and actionable insights into Machine Learning model decisions. In contrast to other traditional feature…

Artificial intelligence is reshaping science and industry, yet many users still regard its models as opaque "black boxes". Conventional explainable artificial-intelligence methods clarify individual predictions but overlook the upstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 George Paterakis , Andrea Castellani , George Papoutsoglou , Tobias Rodemann , Ioannis Tsamardinos

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

In order to engender trust in AI, humans must understand what an AI system is trying to achieve, and why. To overcome this problem, the underlying AI process must produce justifications and explanations that are both transparent and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Rita Borgo , Michael Cashmore , Daniele Magazzeni

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to support appropriate human-AI reliance by increasing the interpretability of complex model decisions. Despite the proliferation of proposed methods, there is mixed evidence surrounding the effects of different…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Emma Casolin , Flora D. Salim , Ben Newell

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical area of research to unravel the opaque inner logic of (deep) machine learning models. Among the various XAI techniques proposed in the literature, counterfactual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Flavio Giorgi , Cesare Campagnano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Gabriele Tolomei

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for building advanced machine learning-powered applications, especially in critical domains such as medical diagnostics or autonomous driving. Legal, business, and ethical requirements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tobias Labarta , Elizaveta Kulicheva , Ronja Froelian , Christian Geißler , Xenia Melman , Julian von Klitzing

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques aim to provide insights into predictive models and enhance user performance, yet they often fall short of these expectations. Conversational XAI assistants promise to overcome such limitations, but empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sven Kruschel , Julian Rosenberger , Lasse Bohlen , Mathias Kraus , Patrick Zschech

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based decision-making, explanations help increase new technology adoption through enhanced trust and reliability. However, our experimental study challenges the notion that every user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sabid Bin Habib Pias , Alicia Freel , Timothy Trammel , Taslima Akter , Donald Williamson , Apu Kapadia

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has recently gained a swell of interest, as many Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners and developers are compelled to rationalize how such AI-based systems work. Decades back, most XAI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Muhammad Suffian , Muhammad Yaseen Khan , Alessandro Bogliolo

Deploying AI systems in public institutions can have far-reaching consequences for many people, making it a matter of public interest. Providing opportunities for stakeholders to come together, understand these systems, and debate their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Timothée Schmude , Laura Koesten , Torsten Möller , Sebastian Tschiatschek

We share observations and challenges from an ongoing effort to implement Explainable AI (XAI) in a domain-specific workflow for cybersecurity analysts. Specifically, we briefly describe a preliminary case study on the use of XAI for source…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ashley Suh , Harry Li , Caitlin Kenney , Kenneth Alperin , Steven R. Gomez

As AI systems are increasingly deployed to support decision-making in critical domains, explainability has become a means to enhance the understandability of these outputs and enable users to make more informed and conscious choices.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Maria J. P. Peixoto , Akriti Pandey , Ahsan Zaman , Peter R. Lewis

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a vibrant research topic in the artificial intelligence community, with growing interest across methods and domains. Much has been written about the subject, yet XAI still lacks shared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Rizzo , Alberto Veneri , Andrea Albarelli , Claudio Lucchese , Marco Nobile , Cristina Conati

Recent legislative regulations have underlined the need for accountable and transparent artificial intelligence systems and have contributed to a growing interest in the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) field. Nonetheless, the lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ilaria Vascotto , Alex Rodriguez , Alessandro Bonaita , Luca Bortolussi