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Many applications of large language models (LLMs), ranging from chatbots to creative writing, require nuanced subjective judgments that can differ significantly across different groups. Existing alignment algorithms can be expensive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Siyan Zhao , John Dang , Aditya Grover

Traditional language model alignment methods, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), are limited by their dependence on static, pre-collected paired preference data, which hampers their adaptability and practical applicability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yujia Xie , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a diverse range of applications. These models excel in generating text completions that are contextually coherent and cover an extensive array of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Bradley Butcher

Offline preference optimization methods are efficient for large language models (LLMs) alignment. Direct Preference optimization (DPO)-like learning, one of the most popular approaches, stands out for its efficiency in reward modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaobo Wang , Zixia Jia , Jiaqi Li , Qi Liu , Zilong Zheng

The rapid rise of large language models (LLMs) has unlocked many applications but also underscores the challenge of aligning them with diverse values and preferences. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is central to alignment but…

Aligning large language models with multiple human expectations and values is crucial for ensuring that they adequately serve a variety of user needs. To this end, offline multiobjective alignment algorithms such as the Rewards-in-Context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haoran Gu , Handing Wang , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang , Yaochu Jin

Bootstrapping large language models (LLMs) through preference-based policy optimization offers a promising direction for aligning model behavior with human preferences without relying on extensive manual annotations. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Chen Jia

Matching job descriptions (JDs) with suitable talent requires models capable of understanding not only textual similarities between JDs and candidate resumes but also contextual factors such as geographical location and academic seniority.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yafei Zhang , Murray Wang , Yu Wang , Xiaohui Wang

Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) is effective at significantly improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks such as reasoning, summarisation, and alignment. Using pairs of preferred and dispreferred…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Arka Pal , Deep Karkhanis , Samuel Dooley , Manley Roberts , Siddartha Naidu , Colin White

Modern alignment pipelines are increasingly replacing expensive human preference labels with evaluations from large language models (LLM-as-Judge). However, AI labels can be systematically biased compared to high-quality human feedback…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Xintao Xia , Zhiqiu Xia , Linjun Zhang , Zhanrui Cai

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has shown promise in aligning large language models (LLMs). Yet its reliance on a singular reward model often overlooks the diversity of human preferences. Recent approaches address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tianze Wang , Dongnan Gui , Yifan Hu , Shuhang Lin , Linjun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned using human comparison data with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) methods to make them better aligned with users' preferences. In contrast to LLMs, human preference learning has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Bram Wallace , Meihua Dang , Rafael Rafailov , Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Senthil Purushwalkam , Stefano Ermon , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Nikhil Naik

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial, but standard methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) are often complex and unstable. In this work, we propose a new, simpler approach that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saeed Najafi , Alona Fyshe

Mathematical reasoning presents a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to the extensive and precise chain of reasoning required for accuracy. Ensuring the correctness of each reasoning step is critical. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Xin Lai , Zhuotao Tian , Yukang Chen , Senqiao Yang , Xiangru Peng , Jiaya Jia

Large language models (LLMs), despite their extensive pretraining on diverse datasets, require effective alignment to human preferences for practical and reliable deployment. Conventional alignment methods typically employ off-policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hyeonji Lee , Daejin Jo , Seohwan Yun , Sungwoong Kim

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, aligning these models with varying human preferences across multiple objectives remains a significant challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Biao Liu , Ning Xu , Junming Yang , Xin Geng

The increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) raise opportunities for artificial general intelligence but concurrently amplify safety concerns, such as potential misuse of AI systems, necessitating effective AI alignment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Chaoqi Wang , Yibo Jiang , Chenghao Yang , Han Liu , Yuxin Chen

Aligning large language models (LLMs) is a central objective of post-training, often achieved through reward modeling and reinforcement learning methods. Among these, direct preference optimization (DPO) has emerged as a widely adopted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Aladin Djuhera , Farhan Ahmed , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Syed Zawad , Heiko Ludwig , Holger Boche

Social agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can simulate human social behaviors but fall short in handling complex social dialogues. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has proven effective in aligning LLM behavior with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Aobo Kong , Wentao Ma , Shiwan Zhao , Yongbin Li , Yuchuan Wu , Ke Wang , Xiaoqian Liu , Qicheng Li , Yong Qin , Fei Huang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a prominent method for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. While DPO has enabled significant progress in aligning English LLMs, multilingual preference alignment is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Wen Yang , Junhong Wu , Chen Wang , Chengqing Zong , Jiajun Zhang
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