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Existing multi-objective preference alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face limitations: (1) the inability to effectively balance various preference dimensions, and (2) reliance on auxiliary reward/reference models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qi Liu , Jingqing Ruan , Hao Li , Haodong Zhao , Desheng Wang , Jiansong Chen , Wan Guanglu , Xunliang Cai , Zhi Zheng , Tong Xu

As the era of large language models (LLMs) unfolds, Preference Optimization (PO) methods have become a central approach to aligning LLMs with human preferences and improving performance. We propose Maximum a Posteriori Preference…

Efficient preference optimization algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have become a popular approach in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. These algorithms implicitly treat the LLM as a reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tong Liu , Xiao Yu , Wenxuan Zhou , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

A common technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) relies on acquiring human preferences by comparing multiple generations conditioned on a fixed context. This method, however, relies solely on pairwise comparisons, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Hritik Bansal , Ashima Suvarna , Gantavya Bhatt , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang , Aditya Grover

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that require careful balancing of multiple, often conflicting, objectives, such as informativeness versus conciseness, or helpfulness versus creativity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qiang He , Setareh Maghsudi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented generative capabilities, yet their alignment with human values remains critical for ensuring helpful and harmless deployments. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback…

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial for safe and effective AI interactions. While popular methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have simplified alignment, they remain sensitive to data noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ning Yang , Hai Lin , Yibo Liu , Baoliang Tian , Guoqing Liu , Haijun Zhang

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), aligning policy models with human preferences has become increasingly critical. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for alignment, acting as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wenyi Xiao , Zechuan Wang , Leilei Gan , Shuai Zhao , Zongrui Li , Ruirui Lei , Wanggui He , Luu Anh Tuan , Long Chen , Hao Jiang , Zhou Zhao , Fei Wu

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is broadly utilized for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values because of its flexibility. Despite its effectiveness, it has been observed that the capability of DPO to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenqiao Zhu , Ji Liu , Lulu Wang , Jun Wu , Yulun Zhang

Language model alignment is crucial for ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human preferences, yet it often involves sensitive user data, raising significant privacy concerns. While prior work has integrated differential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Keyu Chen , Hao Tang , Qinglin Liu , Yizhao Xu

This study evaluates Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and its variants for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, testing three configurations: (1) with Supervised Fine Tuning (SFT), (2) without SFT, and (3)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amir Saeidi , Shivanshu Verma , Md Nayem Uddin , Chitta Baral

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to process and generate natural language. However, as they are trained on massive datasets of text, LLMs can inherit harmful biases and produce outputs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qi Gou , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse and multifaceted user preferences is a fundamental challenge in personalized AI systems. Existing multi-objective alignment methods either rely on costly training or require pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Van-Anh Nguyen , Junae Kim , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung

Large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with alignment techniques, such as reinforcement learning from human feedback, have been instrumental in developing some of the most capable AI systems to date. Despite their success, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kyuyoung Kim , Ah Jeong Seo , Hao Liu , Jinwoo Shin , Kimin Lee

Direct alignment from preferences (DAP) has emerged as a promising paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) to human desiderata from pre-collected, offline preference datasets. While recent studies indicate that existing offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Wenda Xu , Jiachen Li , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a powerful paradigm for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to human preferences in Machine Translation (MT), but current methods are hindered by two fundamental challenges: (1) flawed reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Hao Wang , Linlong Xu , Heng Liu , Yangyang Liu , Xiaohu Zhao , Bo Zeng , Liangying Shao , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Visual preference alignment involves training Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) to predict human preferences between visual inputs. This is typically achieved by using labeled datasets of chosen/rejected pairs and employing optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Ziyu Liu , Yuhang Zang , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Yuhang Cao , Haodong Duan , Conghui He , Yuanjun Xiong , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is an increasingly critical step in post-training. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a simple, yet effective alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yifan Wang , Runjin Chen , Bolian Li , David Cho , Yihe Deng , Ruqi Zhang , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Ananth Grama , Junyuan Hong

Offline preference optimization methods, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), offer significant advantages in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values. However, achieving optimal performance with these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Peng Liao , Peijia Zheng , Lingbo Li , Shangsong Liang , Lin Chen

We study the post-training of large language models (LLMs) with human preference data. Recently, direct preference optimization and its variants have shown considerable promise in aligning language models, eliminating the need for reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Teng Xiao , Zhen Ge , Sujay Sanghavi , Tian Wang , Julian Katz-Samuels , Marc Versage , Qingjun Cui , Trishul Chilimbi