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Identity-based software signing tools aim to make software artifact provenance verifiable while reducing the operational burden of long-lived key management. However, there is limited cross-tool longitudinal evidence about which usability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Kelechi G. Kalu , Hieu Tran , Santiago Torres-Arias , Sooyeon Jeong , James C. Davis

Many software products are composed of components integrated from other teams or external parties. Each additional link in a software product's supply chain increases the risk of the injection of malicious behavior. To improve supply chain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Kelechi G. Kalu , Tanya Singla , Chinenye Okafor , Santiago Torres-Arias , James C. Davis

Identity-based code signing enables software developers to digitally sign their code using cryptographic keys. This key is then linked to an identity (e.g., through an identity provider), allowing signers to verify both the code's origin…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Chinenye Okafor , James C. Davis , Santiago Torres-Arias

Software signing provides a formal mechanism for provenance by ensuring artifact integrity and verifying producer identity. It also imposes tooling and operational costs to implement in practice. In an era of centralized registries such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kelechi G. Kalu , James C. Davis

Many software applications incorporate open-source third-party packages distributed by public package registries. Guaranteeing authorship along this supply chain is a challenge. Package maintainers can guarantee package authorship through…

Software repositories, used for wide-scale open software distribution, are a significant vector for security attacks. Software signing provides authenticity, mitigating many such attacks. Developer-managed signing keys pose usability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Kelsey Merrill , Zachary Newman , Santiago Torres-Arias , Karen Sollins

Documents are largely stored and shared digitally. Yet, digital documents are still commonly signed using (copies of) handwritten signatures, which are sensitive to fraud. Though secure, cryptography-based signature solutions exist, they…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yorick Last , Jorrit Geels , Hanna Schraffenberger

Software engineers integrate third-party components into their applications. The resulting software supply chain is vulnerable. To reduce the attack surface, we can verify the origin of components (provenance) before adding them.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Taylor R. Schorlemmer , Ethan H. Burmane , Kelechi G. Kalu , Santiago Torres-Arias , James C. Davis

Over the past 15 years, researchers have identified an increasing number of security mechanisms that are so unusable that the intended users either circumvent them or give up on a service rather than suffer the security. With hindsight, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-07-13 Brain Glass , Graeme Jenkinson , Yuqi Liu , M. Angela Sasse , Frank Stajano

As software becomes more complex and assumes an even greater role in our lives, formal verification is set to become the gold standard in securing software systems into the future, since it can guarantee the absence of errors and entire…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Carolina Carreira , João F. Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes , Nicolas Christin

Usable and secure authentication on the web and beyond is mission-critical. While password-based authentication is still widespread, users have trouble dealing with potentially hundreds of online accounts and their passwords. Alternatives…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jan H. Klemmer , Marco Gutfleisch , Christian Stransky , Yasemin Acar , M. Angela Sasse , Sascha Fahl

Authentication is a critical security feature for confirming the identity of a system's users, typically implemented with help from frameworks like Spring Security. It is a complex feature which should be robustly tested at all stages of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Danielle Gonzalez , Michael Rath , Mehdi Mirakhorli

Commit signing is a principal mechanism for verifying the origin of code in software supply chains. Security frameworks treat it as a core trust signal, assuming developers sign their commits consistently with keys they control and keep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Abubakar Sadiq Shittu , John Sadik , Farzin Gholamrezae , Scott Ruoti

Lack of usability of security Application Programming In- terfaces (APIs) is one of the main reasons for mistakes that programmers make that result in security vulnerabilities in software applications they develop. Especially, APIs that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Chamila Wijayarathna , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

As electronic signatures (e-signatures) become increasingly integral to secure digital transactions, understanding their usability and security perception from an end-user perspective has become crucial. This study empirically evaluates and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Omer Ege , Mustafa Cagal , Kemal Bicakci

With the deepening trend of paperless workflows, signatures as a means of identity authentication are gradually shifting from traditional ink-on-paper to electronic formats.Despite the availability of dynamic pressure-sensitive and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 RuiQiang Zhang , Zehua Ma , Guanjie Wang , Chang Liu , Hengyi Wang , Weiming Zhang

Nowadays, user authentication is one of the important topics in information security. Strong textbased password schemes could provide with certain degree of security. However, the fact that strong passwords are difficult to memorize often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-12-08 Farnaz Towhidi , Maslin Masrom

The rapid integration of AI-powered coding assistants into developer workflows has raised significant privacy and trust concerns. As developers entrust proprietary code to services like OpenAI's GPT, Google's Gemini, and GitHub Copilot, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Amir AL-Maamari

Implicit authentication consists of a server authenticating a user based on the user's usage profile, instead of/in addition to relying on something the user explicitly knows (passwords, private keys, etc.). While implicit authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Qianhong Wu , Alberto Blanco-Justicia

Security and usability issues with passwords suggest a need for a new authentication scheme. Several alternatives involve a physical device or token. We investigate one such alternative, Pico: an authentication scheme that utilizes multiple…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-05-12 Jeunese Payne , Graeme Jenkinson , Frank Stajano , M. Angela Sasse , Max Spencer
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