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The misuse of large language models (LLMs) poses potential risks, motivating the development of machine-generated text (MGT) detection. Existing literature primarily concentrates on binary, document-level detection, thereby neglecting texts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhixiong Su , Yichen Wang , Herun Wan , Zhaohan Zhang , Minnan Luo

The field of AI-generated text detection has evolved from supervised classification to zero-shot statistical analysis. However, current approaches share a fundamental limitation: they aggregate token-level measurements into scalar scores,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Alva West , Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Luodan Zhang , Zhen Lin , Guangsheng Bao , Yue Zhang

The rapid development of large language models has led to an increase in AI-generated text, with students increasingly using LLM-generated content as their own work, which violates academic integrity. This paper presents an evaluation of AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Adilkhan Alikhanov , Aidar Amangeldi , Diar Demeubay , Dilnaz Akhmetzhan , Nurbek Moldakhmetov , Omar Polat , Galymzhan Zharas

As texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) are ever more common and often indistinguishable from human-written content, research on automatic text detection has attracted growing attention. Many recent detectors report near-perfect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Matthieu Dubois , François Yvon , Pablo Piantanida

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language models (LLMs) holds considerable promise in revolutionizing education, research, and practice. However, distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated text has become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Kadhim Hayawi , Sakib Shahriar , Sujith Samuel Mathew

Large language models are now embedded in everyday writing workflows, making reliable AI-generated text detection important for academic integrity, content moderation, and provenance tracking. In practice, however, a detector must do more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Chenjun Li , Cheng Wan , Johannes C. Paetzold

With the rise of prolific ChatGPT, the risk and consequences of AI-generated text has increased alarmingly. To address the inevitable question of ownership attribution for AI-generated artifacts, the US Copyright Office released a statement…

We propose Hierarchical Text Spotter (HTS), a novel method for the joint task of word-level text spotting and geometric layout analysis. HTS can recognize text in an image and identify its 4-level hierarchical structure: characters, words,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Shangbang Long , Siyang Qin , Yasuhisa Fujii , Alessandro Bissacco , Michalis Raptis

As large language models (LLMs) generate text that increasingly resembles human writing, the subtle cues that distinguish AI-generated content from human-written content become increasingly challenging to capture. Reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiao Pu , Zepeng Cheng , Lin Yuan , Yu Wu , Xiuli Bi

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are increasingly being used for various use cases, including text content generation at scale. Although detection methods for such AI-generated text exist already, we investigate ChatGPT's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

The powerful ability to understand, follow, and generate complex language emerging from large language models (LLMs) makes LLM-generated text flood many areas of our daily lives at an incredible speed and is widely accepted by humans. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Yulin Yuan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

The proliferation of misinformation in digital platforms reveals the limitations of traditional detection methods, which mostly rely on static classification and fail to capture the intricate process of real-world fact-checking. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Chen Han , Wenzhen Zheng , Xijin Tang

The increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced text generation, but the human-like quality of LLM outputs presents major challenges in reliably distinguishing between human-authored and LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zhen Tao , Yanfang Chen , Dinghao Xi , Zhiyu Li , Wei Xu

The effective detection and governance of Large Language Model (LLM) generated content has become increasingly critical due to the growing risk of misuse. Despite the impressive performance of existing detectors, their reliability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junchao Wu , Yefeng Liu , Chenyu Zhu , Hao Zhang , Zeyu Wu , Tianqi Shi , Yichao Du , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Jinsong Su , Derek F. Wong

The challenge of separating AI-generated text from human-authored content is becoming more urgent as generative AI technologies like ChatGPT become more widely available. In this work, we address this issue by looking at both the detection…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the domain of natural language processing (NLP) with remarkable capabilities of generating human-like text responses. However, despite these advancements, several works in the existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Souradip Chakraborty , Jonas Geiping , Furong Huang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi

Large Language Model (LLMs) can be used to write or modify documents, presenting a challenge for understanding the intent behind their use. For example, benign uses may involve using LLM on a human-written document to improve its grammar or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yitong Wang , Zhongping Zhang , Margherita Piana , Zheng Zhou , Peter Gerstoft , Bryan A. Plummer

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. To mitigate these risks, existing detection methods are essential, yet they face two major challenges: generalization and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jiaqi Weng , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

To prevent misinformation and social issues arising from trustworthy-looking content generated by LLMs, it is crucial to develop efficient and reliable methods for identifying the source of texts. Previous approaches have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Fangqi Dai , Xingjian Jiang , Zizhuang Deng

With the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) and the huge amount of text they generated, it becomes more and more impractical to manually distinguish whether a text is machine-generated. Given the growing use of LLMs in social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jinyan Su , Terry Yue Zhuo , Di Wang , Preslav Nakov