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Related papers: CoSMoEs: Compact Sparse Mixture of Experts

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Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have become central to scaling large language models, yet their mechanistic differences from dense networks remain poorly understood. Previous work has explored how dense models use \textit{superposition} to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Marmik Chaudhari , Jeremi Nuer , Rome Thorstenson

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique has proven to be a promising solution to efficiently scale the model size, which has been widely applied in recent LLM advancements. However, the substantial memory overhead of MoE models has made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ruijie Miao , Yilun Yao , Zihan Wang , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , LingJun Liu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across various tasks, yet their high computational demands pose deployment challenges, especially on consumer-grade hardware. Mixture of Experts (MoE) models provide an efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 En-Ming Huang , Li-Shang Lin , Chun-Yi Lee

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has led to the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures that dynamically leverage specialized subnetworks for improved efficiency and performance. Despite their benefits, MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ruisi Cai , Yeonju Ro , Geon-Woo Kim , Peihao Wang , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi , Aditya Akella , Zhangyang Wang

Human education system trains one student by multiple experts. Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is a powerful sparse architecture including multiple experts. However, sparse MoE model is easy to overfit, hard to deploy, and not hardware-friendly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Fuzhao Xue , Xiaoxin He , Xiaozhe Ren , Yuxuan Lou , Yang You

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable neural networks through conditional computation, offering enhanced effectiveness and efficiency for next-generation wireless communications. However, deploying MoE with federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boyang Zhang , Xiaobing Chen , Songyang Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Xiangwei Zhou , Jian Zhang , Mingxuan Sun

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models based on Transformer architecture are pushing the boundaries of language and vision tasks. The allure of these models lies in their ability to substantially increase the parameter count without a…

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) models represent a significant advancement in large language model (LLM) development through their efficient parameter utilization. These models achieve substantial performance improvements at reduced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 I-Chun Chen , Hsu-Shen Liu , Wei-Fang Sun , Chen-Hao Chao , Yen-Chang Hsu , Chun-Yi Lee

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

MoE models offer efficient scaling through conditional computation, but their large parameter size and expensive expert offloading make on-device deployment challenging. Existing acceleration techniques such as prefetching or expert…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yuseon Choi , Sangjin Kim , Jungjun Oh , Gwangtae Park , Byeongcheol Kim , Hoi-Jun Yoo

In cross-border e-commerce, search relevance modeling faces the dual challenge of extreme linguistic diversity and fine-grained semantic nuances. Existing approaches typically rely on scaling up a single monolithic Large Language Model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ye Liu , Xu Chen , Wuji Chen , Mang Li

Neurons in large language models often exhibit \emph{polysemanticity}, simultaneously encoding multiple unrelated concepts and obscuring interpretability. Instead of relying on post-hoc methods, we present \textbf{MoE-X}, a…

Large language models like GPT-4 are resource-intensive, but recent advancements suggest that smaller, specialized experts can outperform the monolithic models on specific tasks. The Collaboration-of-Experts (CoE) approach integrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jiashun Suo , Xiaojian Liao , Limin Xiao , Li Ruan , Jinquan Wang , Xiao Su , Zhisheng Huo

Sparsely-gated Mixture of Expert (MoE) layers have been recently successfully applied for scaling large transformers, especially for language modeling tasks. An intriguing side effect of sparse MoE layers is that they convey inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Svetlana Pavlitska , Christian Hubschneider , Lukas Struppek , J. Marius Zöllner

The Mixtures-of-Experts (MoE) model is a widespread distributed and integrated learning method for large language models (LLM), which is favored due to its ability to sparsify and expand models efficiently. However, the performance of MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Xuan He , Li Zeng , Yi Lin , Entong Li , Binfan Zheng , Rongqian Zhao , Xin Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures leverage sparse activation to enhance the scalability of large language models (LLMs), making them suitable for deployment in resource-constrained edge networks. However, the sheer number of experts…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across many applications, with Mixture of Experts (MoE) models demonstrating great potential. Compared to traditional dense models, MoEs achieve better performance with less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zongle Huang , Lei Zhu , Zongyuan Zhan , Ting Hu , Weikai Mao , Xianzhi Yu , Yongpan Liu , Tianyu Zhang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has demonstrated significant advantages in the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), offering enhanced capabilities with reduced inference costs. However, deploying MoE-based LLMs on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Peng Tang , Jiacheng Liu , Xiaofeng Hou , Yifei Pu , Jing Wang , Pheng-Ann Heng , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

How to reduce compute and memory requirements of neural networks (NNs) without sacrificing performance? Many recent works use sparse Mixtures of Experts (MoEs) to build resource-efficient large language models (LMs). Here we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Róbert Csordás , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can outperform dense large language models at similar computation by activating only a small set of experts per token. However, stacking many expert modules introduces substantial parameter memory,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xin He , Shunkang Zhang , Kaijie Tang , Shaohuai Shi , Yuxin Wang , Zihao Zeng , Zhenheng Tang , Xiaowen Chu , Haiyan Yin , Ivor W. Tsang , Yew Soon Ong
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