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The interpretation of chest radiographs is an essential task for the detection of thoracic diseases and abnormalities. However, it is a challenging problem with high inter-rater variability and inherent ambiguity due to inconclusive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Florin C. Ghesu , Bogdan Georgescu , Eli Gibson , Sebastian Guendel , Mannudeep K. Kalra , Ramandeep Singh , Subba R. Digumarthy , Sasa Grbic , Dorin Comaniciu

Confounding is a significant obstacle to unbiased estimation of causal effects from observational data. For settings with high-dimensional covariates -- such as text data, genomics, or the behavioral social sciences -- researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Katherine A. Keith , Sergey Feldman , David Jurgens , Jonathan Bragg , Rohit Bhattacharya

Enhancing the precision of segmenting coronary atherosclerotic plaques from CT Angiography (CTA) images is pivotal for advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis Analysis (CAA), which distinctively relies on the analysis of vessel cross-section…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 Ziheng Zhang , Zihan Li , Dandan Shan , Yuehui Qiu , Qingqi Hong , Qingqiang Wu

Sequence-to-Sequence (seq2seq) tasks transcribe the input sequence to a target sequence. The Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) criterion is widely used in multiple seq2seq tasks. Besides predicting the target sequence, a side…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Jinchuan Tian , Brian Yan , Jianwei Yu , Chao Weng , Dong Yu , Shinji Watanabe

We propose a framework for planning in unknown dynamic environments with probabilistic safety guarantees using conformal prediction. Particularly, we design a model predictive controller (MPC) that uses i) trajectory predictions of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Lars Lindemann , Matthew Cleaveland , Gihyun Shim , George J. Pappas

As large language models are increasingly utilized in real-world applications, guarantees of task-specific metrics are essential for their reliable deployment. Previous studies have introduced various criteria of conformal uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhiyuan Wang , Qingni Wang , Yue Zhang , Tianlong Chen , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

As data shift or new data become available, updating clinical machine learning models may be necessary to maintain or improve performance over time. However, updating a model can introduce compatibility issues when the behavior of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-11 Erkin Ötleş , Brian T. Denton , Jenna Wiens

Establishing reliable image correspondences is essential for many robotic vision problems. However, existing methods often struggle in challenging scenarios with large viewpoint changes or textureless regions, where incorrect cor-…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sicheng Li , Zaiwang Gu , Jie Zhang , Qing Guo , Xudong Jiang , Jun Cheng

Deep learning has the potential to automate many clinically useful tasks in medical imaging. However translation of deep learning into clinical practice has been hindered by issues such as lack of the transparency and interpretability in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-04 Charles Lu , Andreanne Lemay , Ken Chang , Katharina Hoebel , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer

Conformal prediction is emerging as a popular paradigm for providing rigorous uncertainty quantification in machine learning since it can be easily applied as a post-processing step to already trained models. In this paper, we extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Charles Lu , Yaodong Yu , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Michael I. Jordan , Ramesh Raskar

With the growing interest in deploying robots in unstructured and uncertain environments, there has been increasing interest in factoring risk into safety-critical control development. Similarly, the authors believe risk should also be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-08 Prithvi Akella , Mohamadreza Ahmadi , Aaron D. Ames

Conformal prediction (CP) is a powerful framework for quantifying uncertainty in machine learning models, offering reliable predictions with finite-sample coverage guarantees. When applied to classification, CP produces a prediction set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Floris den Hengst , Inès Blin , Majid Mohammadi , Syed Ihtesham Hussain Shah , Taraneh Younesian

Branch and bound algorithms have been developed for reliability analysis of coherent systems. They exhibit a set of advantages; in particular, they can find a computationally efficient representation of a system failure or survival event,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-31 Ji-Eun Byun , Hyeuk Ryu , Daniel Straub

Uncertainty quantification is a fundamental problem in the analysis and interpretation of synthetic control (SC) methods. We develop conditional prediction intervals in the SC framework, and provide conditions under which these intervals…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-09 Matias D. Cattaneo , Yingjie Feng , Rocio Titiunik

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an emerging medical imaging modality for luminal organ diagnosis. The non-constant rotation speed of optical components in the OCT catheter tip causes rotational distortion in OCT volumetric scanning.…

Uncertainty quantification of causal effects is crucial for safety-critical applications such as personalized medicine. A powerful approach for this is conformal prediction, which has several practical benefits due to model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Maresa Schröder , Dennis Frauen , Jonas Schweisthal , Konstantin Heß , Valentyn Melnychuk , Stefan Feuerriegel

In quantum metrology, one of the major applications of quantum technologies, the ultimate precision of estimating an unknown parameter is often stated in terms of the Cram\'er-Rao bound. Yet, the latter is no longer guaranteed to carry an…

Conformal inference is a method that provides prediction sets for machine learning models, operating independently of the underlying distributional assumptions and relying solely on the exchangeability of training and test data. Despite its…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-01 Daniela Corbetta , Livio Finos , Ludwig Geistlinger , Davide Risso

Despite strong zero-shot performance, SAM is unreliable under domain shift due to Mask-level Confidence Confusion (MCC), where a single IoU-based mask score fails to reflect pixel-wise reliability near boundaries. Motivated by the contrast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hongyou Zhou , Marc Toussaint , Ling Shao , Zihan Ye

Conformal prediction (CP) has become a cornerstone of distribution-free uncertainty quantification, conventionally evaluated by its coverage and interval length. This work critically examines the sufficiency of these standard metrics. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-30 Yizhou Min , Yizhou Lu , Lanqi Li , Zhen Zhang , Jiaye Teng
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