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To evaluate clustering results is a significant part of cluster analysis. There are no true class labels for clustering in typical unsupervised learning. Thus, a number of internal evaluations, which use predicted labels and data, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew

To evaluate clustering results is a significant part of cluster analysis. Since there are no true class labels for clustering in typical unsupervised learning, many internal cluster validity indices (CVIs), which use predicted labels and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew

Clustering in high-dimensional settings with severe feature noise remains challenging, especially when only a small subset of dimensions is informative and the final number of clusters is not specified in advance. In such regimes, partition…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Wan Ping Chen

Whether class labels in a given data set correspond to meaningful clusters is crucial for the evaluation of clustering algorithms using real-world data sets. This property can be quantified by separability measures. The central aspects of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-11 Jana Gauss , Fabian Scheipl , Moritz Herrmann

This paper describes the incremental behaviours of Density based clustering. It specially focuses on the Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm and its incremental approach.DBSCAN relies on a density…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-06-19 Sanjay Chakraborty , N. K. Nagwani

Evaluating modern machine learning models has become prohibitively expensive. Benchmarks such as LMMs-Eval and HELM demand thousands of GPU hours per model. Costly evaluation reduces inclusivity, slows the cycle of innovation, and worsens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Alexander Rubinstein , Benjamin Raible , Martin Gubri , Seong Joon Oh

Clustering is the technique to partition data according to their characteristics. Data that are similar in nature belong to the same cluster [1]. There are two types of evaluation methods to evaluate clustering quality. One is an external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Anupriya Vysala , Joseph Gomes

Automatic speaker verification task has made great achievements using deep learning approaches with the large-scale manually annotated dataset. However, it's very difficult and expensive to collect a large amount of well-labeled data for…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Bing Han , Zhengyang Chen , Yanmin Qian

Determining the number of clusters is a central challenge in unsupervised learning, where ground-truth labels are unavailable. The Silhouette coefficient is a widely used internal validation metric for this task, yet its standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Aggelos Semoglou , Aristidis Likas , John Pavlopoulos

Clustering real world data often faced with curse of dimensionality, where real world data often consist of many dimensions. Multidimensional data clustering evaluation can be done through a density-based approach. Density approaches based…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-12-30 Rahmat Widia Sembiring , Jasni Mohamad Zain

Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is a data clustering algorithm which has the high-performance rate for dataset where clusters have the constant density of data points. One of the significant attributes…

Nonhierarchical clustering depending on unsupervised algorithms may not retrieve the optimal partition of datasets. Determining if clusters fit ``natural partitions`` can be achieved using cluster validity indices (CVIs). Most existing CVIs…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-04 Anri Mutoh , Masamichi Wada , Kou Amano

Clustering is a well-established technique in machine learning and data analysis, widely used across various domains. Cluster validity indices, such as the Average Silhouette Width, Calinski-Harabasz, and Davies-Bouldin indices, play a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Renato Cordeiro de Amorim , Vladimir Makarenkov

Large-scale well-annotated datasets are of great importance for training an effective object detector. However, obtaining accurate bounding box annotations is laborious and demanding. Unfortunately, the resultant noisy bounding boxes could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Donghao Zhou , Jialin Li , Jinpeng Li , Jiancheng Huang , Qiang Nie , Yong Liu , Bin-Bin Gao , Qiong Wang , Pheng-Ann Heng , Guangyong Chen

Detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters in high-dimensional noisy data is challenging for current clustering methods. We introduce SHADE (Structure-preserving High-dimensional Analysis with Density-based Exploration), the first deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Anna Beer , Pascal Weber , Lukas Miklautz , Collin Leiber , Walid Durani , Christian Böhm , Claudia Plant

Unsupervised learning has gained prominence in the big data era, offering a means to extract valuable insights from unlabeled datasets. Deep clustering has emerged as an important unsupervised category, aiming to exploit the non-linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Georgios Vardakas , Ioannis Papakostas , Aristidis Likas

The recent integration of deep learning and pairwise similarity annotation-based constrained clustering -- i.e., $\textit{deep constrained clustering}$ (DCC) -- has proven effective for incorporating weak supervision into massive data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Tri Nguyen , Shahana Ibrahim , Xiao Fu

A new index for internal evaluation of clustering is introduced. The index is defined as a mixture of two sub-indices. The first sub-index $ I_a $ is called the Ambiguous Index; the second sub-index $ I_s $ is called the Similarity Index.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Gangli Liu

Deep clustering, a method for partitioning complex, high-dimensional data using deep neural networks, presents unique evaluation challenges. Traditional clustering validation measures, designed for low-dimensional spaces, are problematic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-25 Zeya Wang , Chenglong Ye

In multi-view clustering, the quality of different views may vary substantially, and low-quality or degraded views can impair overall clustering performance. However, existing studies mainly address this issue within the clustering process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mudi Jiang , Jiahui Zhou , Xinying Liu , Zengyou He , Zhikui Chen
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