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We introduce ProteinWorkshop, a comprehensive benchmark suite for representation learning on protein structures with Geometric Graph Neural Networks. We consider large-scale pre-training and downstream tasks on both experimental and…

This chapter deals with approaches for protein three-dimensional structure prediction, starting out from a single input sequence with unknown struc- ture, the 'query' or 'target' sequence. Both template based and template free modelling…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2017-12-04 Sanne Abeln , Jaap Heringa , K. Anton Feenstra

Protein structure reconstruction from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments largely relies on computational algorithms. Recently, some effective low-rank matrix completion (MC) methods, such as ASD and ScaledASD, have been…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-09-24 Z. Li , S. Li , X. Wei , X. Peng , Q. Zhao

While many good textbooks are available on Protein Structure, Molecular Simulations, Thermodynamics and Bioinformatics methods in general, there is no good introductory level book for the field of Structural Bioinformatics. This book aims…

Tokenization is a fundamental component of language models for code. It involves breaking down the input into units that are later passed to the language model stack to learn high-dimensional representations used in various contexts, from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mootez Saad , Hao Li , Tushar Sharma , Ahmed E. Hassan

Building a working mental model of a protein typically requires weeks of reading, cross-referencing crystal and predicted structures, and inspecting ligand complexes, an effort that is slow, unevenly accessible, and often requires…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-22 Carles Navarro , Mariona Torrens , Philipp Thölke , Stefan Doerr , Gianni De Fabritiis

Predicting protein complex structures is essential for protein function analysis, protein design, and drug discovery. While AI methods like AlphaFold can predict accurate structural models for many protein complexes, reliably estimating the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-30 Pawan Neupane , Jian Liu , Jianlin Cheng

Predicting the structure of multi-protein complexes is a grand challenge in biochemistry, with major implications for basic science and drug discovery. Computational structure prediction methods generally leverage pre-defined structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-26 Stephan Eismann , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Nathaniel Thomas , Milind Jagota , Bowen Jing , Ron O. Dror

Protein structure prediction is a challenging and unsolved problem in computer science. Proteins are the sequence of amino acids connected together by single peptide bond. The combinations of the twenty primary amino acids are the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-10-12 Mahmood A. Rashid , Firas Khatib , Abdul Sattar

The application of deep learning methods, particularly foundation models, in biological research has surged in recent years. These models can be text-based or trained on underlying biological data, especially omics data of various types.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yoav Kan-Tor , Michael Morris Danziger , Eden Zohar , Matan Ninio , Yishai Shimoni

Motivation: Thanks to the recent advances in structural biology, nowadays three-dimensional structures of various proteins are solved on a routine basis. A large portion of these contain structural repetitions or internal symmetries. To…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-30 Guillaume Pagès , Sergei Grudinin

Proteins, by virtue of their central role in most biological processes, represent one of the key subjects of the study of molecular evolution. Inherent to the indispensability of proteins for living cells is the fact that a given protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Eric J. Deeds , Eugene I. Shakhnovich

In this paper we address the problem of protein classification starting from a multi-view 2D representation of proteins. From each 3D protein structure, a large set of 2D projections is generated using the protein visualization software…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Loris Nanni , Alessandra Lumini , Federica Pasquali , Sheryl Brahnam

Protein representation learning is a challenging task that aims to capture the structure and function of proteins from their amino acid sequences. Previous methods largely ignored the fact that not all amino acids are equally important for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ruijie Quan , Wenguan Wang , Fan Ma , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang

Modeling genomic sequences faces two unsolved challenges: the information density varies widely across different regions, while there is no clearly defined minimum vocabulary unit. Relying on either four primitive bases or independently…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-20 Siyuan Li , Kai Yu , Anna Wang , Zicheng Liu , Chang Yu , Jingbo Zhou , Qirong Yang , Yucheng Guo , Xiaoming Zhang , Stan Z. Li

Protein-ligand modeling underpins computational drug discovery and molecular design. Existing protein-ligand benchmarks typically evaluate whether a protein and ligand interact and how strongly they bind, through tasks such as binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhaohan Meng , Zhen Bai , Ke Yuan , Iadh Ounis , Zaiqiao Meng , Hao Xu , Joseph Loscalzo

Despite an explosion in the number of experimentally determined, atomically detailed structures of biomolecules, many critical tasks in structural biology remain data-limited. Whether performance in such tasks can be improved by using large…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-30 Raphael J. L. Townshend , Rishi Bedi , Patricia A. Suriana , Ron O. Dror

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

We present LLMStructBench, a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on extracting structured data and generating valid JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) outputs from natural-language text. Our open dataset comprises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

Structural templates are 3D signatures representing protein functional sites, such as ligand binding cavities, metal coordination motifs or catalytic sites. Here we explore methods to generate template libraries and algorithms to query…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-08 Ioannis G. Riziotis , Janet M. Thornton