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Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language reasoning tasks, yet ensuring their safety remains a critical challenge. Recent input-side defenses detect unsafe images with CLIP and prepend safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Junfeng Fang , Shuo Wang , Yin Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) rely heavily on pretrained vision encoders to support downstream tasks such as image captioning, visual question answering, and zero-shot classification. Despite their strong performance, these encoders remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Md Zarif Hossain , Ahmed Imteaj

Contrastive vision-language representation learning has achieved state-of-the-art performance for zero-shot classification, by learning from millions of image-caption pairs crawled from the internet. However, the massive data that powers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Wenhan Yang , Jingdong Gao , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Vision-language pre-training like CLIP has shown promising performance on various downstream tasks such as zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval. Most of the existing CLIP-alike works usually adopt relatively large image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Ying Nie , Wei He , Kai Han , Yehui Tang , Tianyu Guo , Fanyi Du , Yunhe Wang

During the preceding biennium, vision-language pre-training has achieved noteworthy success on several downstream tasks. Nevertheless, acquiring high-quality image-text pairs, where the pairs are entirely exclusive of each other, remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuting Gao , Jinfeng Liu , Zihan Xu , Tong Wu Enwei Zhang , Wei Liu , Jie Yang , Ke Li , Xing Sun

Despite its prevalent use in image-text matching tasks in a zero-shot manner, CLIP has been shown to be highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations added onto images. Recent studies propose to finetune the vision encoder of CLIP with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Songlong Xing , Zhengyu Zhao , Nicu Sebe

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Contrastive pretraining of image-text foundation models, such as CLIP, demonstrated excellent zero-shot performance and improved robustness on a wide range of downstream tasks. However, these models utilize large transformer-based encoders…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Hadi Pouransari , Fartash Faghri , Raviteja Vemulapalli , Oncel Tuzel

Multi-modal foundation models like OpenFlamingo, LLaVA, and GPT-4 are increasingly used for various real-world tasks. Prior work has shown that these models are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks on the vision modality. These attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Christian Schlarmann , Naman Deep Singh , Francesco Croce , Matthias Hein

The Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) model has significantly advanced vision-language modeling by aligning image-text pairs from large-scale web data through self-supervised contrastive learning. Yet, its reliance on uncurated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xin Yao , Haiyang Zhao , Yimin Chen , Jiawei Guo , Kecheng Huang , Ming Zhao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), trained on multimodal big datasets, have significantly advanced AI by excelling in vision-language tasks. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly jailbreak attacks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Md Zarif Hossain , Ahmed Imteaj

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong performance in zero-shot image classification tasks. However, existing methods, including Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), all rely on annotated text-to-image pairs for aligning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Dianxing Shi , Dingjie Fu , Yuqiao Liu , Jun Wang

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) on large image-caption datasets has achieved remarkable success in zero-shot classification and enabled transferability to new domains. However, CLIP is extremely more vulnerable to targeted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Wenhan Yang , Jingdong Gao , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, exhibit strong image-text comprehension abilities, facilitating advances in several downstream tasks such as zero-shot image classification, image-text retrieval, and text-to-image generation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Le Zhang , Rabiul Awal , Aishwarya Agrawal

Multimodal contrastive pretraining has been used to train multimodal representation models, such as CLIP, on large amounts of paired image-text data. However, previous studies have revealed that such models are vulnerable to backdoor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Hritik Bansal , Nishad Singhi , Yu Yang , Fan Yin , Aditya Grover , Kai-Wei Chang

Improving the safety of vision-language models like CLIP via fine-tuning often comes at a steep price, causing significant drops in their generalization performance. We find this trade-off stems from rigid alignment strategies that force…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Adeel Yousaf , Joseph Fioresi , James Beetham , Amrit Singh Bedi , Mubarak Shah

Existing vision-text contrastive learning like CLIP aims to match the paired image and caption embeddings while pushing others apart, which improves representation transferability and supports zero-shot prediction. However, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Zifeng Wang , Zhenbang Wu , Dinesh Agarwal , Jimeng Sun

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)~\citep{radford2021learning} has emerged as a pivotal model in computer vision and multimodal learning, achieving state-of-the-art performance at aligning visual and textual representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shaoan Xie , Lingjing Kong , Yujia Zheng , Yu Yao , Zeyu Tang , Eric P. Xing , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

Despite significant results achieved by Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) in zero-shot image recognition, limited effort has been made exploring its potential for zero-shot video recognition. This paper presents Open-VCLIP++, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zuxuan Wu , Zejia Weng , Wujian Peng , Xitong Yang , Ang Li , Larry S. Davis , Yu-Gang Jiang

Image content safety has become a significant challenge with the rise of visual media on online platforms. Meanwhile, in the age of AI-generated content (AIGC), many image generation models are capable of producing harmful content, such as…

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