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Foundation models (FMs) have demonstrated strong performance across diverse pathology tasks. While there are similarities in the pre-training objectives of FMs, there is still limited understanding of their complementarity, redundancy in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Brennan Flannery , Thomas DeSilvio , Jane Nguyen , Satish E. Viswanath

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale pathology datasets have shown promising results across various diagnostic tasks. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of transfer learning strategies for brain tumor classification using these…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 Ken Enda , Yoshitaka Oda , Zen-ichi Tanei , Kenichi Satoh , Hiroaki Motegi , Terasaka Shunsuke , Shigeru Yamaguchi , Takahiro Ogawa , Wang Lei , Masumi Tsuda , Shinya Tanaka

Pathology Foundation Models (FMs) hold great promise for healthcare. Before they can be used in clinical practice, it is essential to ensure they are robust to variations between medical centers. We measure whether pathology FMs focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Edwin D. de Jong , Eric Marcus , Jonas Teuwen

Foundation models (FMs) are changing the way medical images are analyzed by learning from large collections of unlabeled data. Instead of relying on manually annotated examples, FMs are pre-trained to learn general-purpose visual features…

Biomedical Foundation Models (FMs) are rapidly transforming AI-enabled healthcare research and entering clinical validation. However, their susceptibility to learning non-biological technical features -- including variations in…

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as powerful pretrained encoders for computational pathology, but their robustness under clinically relevant distribution shifts remains insufficiently understood. We benchmark the robustness…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Mattias Rantalainen

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have recently emerged as powerful pretrained encoders for computational pathology, enabling transfer learning across a wide range of downstream tasks. However, systematic comparisons of these models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Constance Boissin , Johan Vallon-Christersson , David A. Clifton , Mattias Rantalainen

Vision foundation models (FMs) are accelerating the development of digital pathology algorithms and transforming biomedical research. These models learn, in a self-supervised manner, to represent histological features in highly…

Foundation model, which is pre-trained on broad data and is able to adapt to a wide range of tasks, is advancing healthcare. It promotes the development of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) models, breaking the contradiction between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yuting He , Fuxiang Huang , Xinrui Jiang , Yuxiang Nie , Minghao Wang , Jiguang Wang , Hao Chen

Foundational Models (FMs) are gaining increasing attention in the biomedical AI ecosystem due to their ability to represent and contextualize multimodal biomedical data. These capabilities make FMs a valuable tool for a variety of tasks,…

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have rapidly advanced and are becoming a common backbone for downstream clinical tasks, offering strong transferability across tissues and institutions. However, for dense prediction (e.g., segmentation),…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-05 Weiming Chen , Xitong Ling , Xidong Wang , Zhenyang Cai , Yijia Guo , Mingxi Fu , Ziyi Zeng , Minxi Ouyang , Jiawen Li , Yizhi Wang , Tian Guan , Benyou Wang , Yonghong He

Recent breakthroughs in self-supervised learning have enabled the use of large unlabeled datasets to train visual foundation models that can generalize to a variety of downstream tasks. While this training paradigm is well suited for the…

The field of computational pathology has recently seen rapid advances driven by the development of modern vision foundation models (FMs), typically trained on vast collections of pathology images. Recent studies demonstrate that increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mikhail Karasikov , Joost van Doorn , Nicolas Känzig , Melis Erdal Cesur , Hugo Mark Horlings , Robert Berke , Fei Tang , Sebastian Otálora

Foundation models (FMs) are large-scale deep learning models trained on massive datasets, often using self-supervised learning techniques. These models serve as a versatile base for a wide range of downstream tasks, including those in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Wasif Khan , Seowung Leem , Kyle B. See , Joshua K. Wong , Shaoting Zhang , Ruogu Fang

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), in particular self-supervised learning of foundation models (FMs), are revolutionizing medical imaging and computational pathology (CPath). A constant challenge in the analysis of digital…

Foundation models for computational pathology are expected to facilitate the development of high-performing, generalisable deep learning systems. However, in addition to biologically relevant features, current foundation models also capture…

Social problems stemming from the shortage of radiologists are intensifying, and artificial intelligence is being highlighted as a potential solution. Recently emerging large-scale generative AI has expanded from large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Inwoo Seo , Eunkyoung Bae , Joo-Young Jeon , Young-Sang Yoon , Jiho Cha

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have become central to computational pathology, aiming to offer general encoders for feature extraction from whole-slide images (WSIs). Despite strong benchmark performance, PFM robustness to real-world…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Erik Thiringer , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Kajsa Ledesma Eriksson , Mattias Rantalainen

Over the past decades, computer-aided diagnosis tools for breast cancer have been developed to enhance screening procedures, yet their clinical adoption remains challenged by data variability and inherent biases. Although foundation models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Elodie Germani , Ilayda Selin Türk , Fatima Zeineddine , Charbel Mourad , Shadi Albarqouni

Foundation models (FMs) are driving a prominent shift in biomedical imaging from task-specific models to unified backbone models for diverse tasks. This opens an avenue to integrate imaging, pathology, clinical records, and genomics data…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-23 Amgad Muneer , Kai Zhang , Ibraheem Hamdi , Rizwan Qureshi , Muhammad Waqas , Shereen Fouad , Hazrat Ali , Syed Muhammad Anwar , Jia Wu