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Large language models are thought to have the potential to aid in medical decision making. This work investigates the degree to which this might be the case. We start with the treatment problem, the patient's core medical decision-making…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-04-30 Samuel J. Weisenthal

Objective: We propose an end-to-end CNN-based locating model for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in radiographs. This model makes full use of chest radiograph (X-ray) for its improved accessibility, reduced cost and high accuracy for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-23 Jiwei Liu , Junyu Liu , Yang Liu , Rui Yang , Dongjun Lv , Zhengting Cai , Jingjing Cui

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are being quickly adapted to many domains, including healthcare, their strengths and pitfalls remain under-explored. In our study, we examine the effects of prompt engineering to guide Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Daniil Filienko , Yinzhou Wang , Caroline El Jazmi , Serena Xie , Trevor Cohen , Martine De Cock , Weichao Yuwen

Forecasting the short-term spread of an ongoing disease outbreak is a formidable challenge due to the complexity of contributing factors, some of which can be characterized through interlinked, multi-modality variables such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Hongru Du , Jianan Zhao , Yang Zhao , Shaochong Xu , Xihong Lin , Yiran Chen , Lauren M. Gardner , Hao Frank Yang

Guiding biological systems toward desired states, such as morphogenetic outcomes, remains a fundamental challenge with far-reaching implications for medicine and synthetic biology. While large language models (LLMs) have enabled natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Nam H. Le , Patrick Erikson , Yanbo Zhang , Michael Levin , Josh Bongard

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used in medical applications, such as clinical decision support, medical education, and medical question answering. Yet, these models are often English-centric, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chaimae Abouzahir , Congbo Ma , Nizar Habash , Farah E. Shamout

Bangladesh is one of the high TB burden countries in the world and TB is still a major public health problem in the country. To eradicate TB in Bangladesh and to ensure proper monitoring and better health care service, digital interventions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Md Monzur Morshed

Type 2 diabetes patients in China face many significant challenges in patient-provider communication and self management In light of this, this work designed,implemented,and evaluated an AI-driven, personalized, multi-functional mobile app…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yibo Meng , Zhiming Liu , Xiaochen Qin

We apply optimal control theory to a tuberculosis model given by a system of ordinary differential equations. Optimal control strategies are proposed to minimize the cost of interventions, considering reinfection and post-exposure…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-07-15 Cristiana J. Silva , Delfim F. M. Torres

We present an outline of the first large language model (LLM) based chatbot application in the context of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for diabetic retinopathy. By utilizing the capabilities of current LLMs, we enable patients…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Maren Pielka , Tobias Schneider , Jan Terheyden , Rafet Sifa

Efficient patient-doctor interaction is among the key factors for a successful disease diagnosis. During the conversation, the doctor could query complementary diagnostic information, such as the patient's symptoms, previous surgery, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Xueshen Li , Xinlong Hou , Nirupama Ravi , Ziyi Huang , Yu Gan

We study how language on social media is linked to diseases such as atherosclerotic heart disease (AHD), diabetes and various types of cancer. Our proposed model leverages state-of-the-art sentence embeddings, followed by a regression model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Arno Schneuwly , Ralf Grubenmann , Séverine Rion Logean , Mark Cieliebak , Martin Jaggi

Effective diabetes management is crucial for maintaining health in diabetic patients. Large Language Models (LLMs) have opened new avenues for diabetes management, facilitating their efficacy. However, current LLM-based approaches are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mahyar Abbasian , Zhongqi Yang , Elahe Khatibi , Pengfei Zhang , Nitish Nagesh , Iman Azimi , Ramesh Jain , Amir M. Rahmani

While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for medical question answering, there is limited work focused on tropical and infectious disease-specific exploration. We build on an opensource tropical and infectious diseases (TRINDs)…

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked new opportunities for healthcare, from information synthesis to clinical decision support. These new LLMs are not just capable of modeling language, but can also act as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Nikita Mehandru , Brenda Y. Miao , Eduardo Rodriguez Almaraz , Madhumita Sushil , Atul J. Butte , Ahmed Alaa

Large language models like GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4 hold promise for healthcare professionals, but they may inadvertently inherit biases during their training, potentially affecting their utility in medical applications. Despite few attempts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Yifan Yang , Xiaoyu Liu , Qiao Jin , Furong Huang , Zhiyong Lu

In a complex disease such as tuberculosis, the evidence for the disease and its evolution may be present in multiple modalities such as clinical, genomic, or imaging data. Effective patient-tailored outcome prediction and therapeutic…

Conversational agents have become an integral part of the general population for simple task enabling situations. However, these systems are yet to have any social impact on the diverse and minority population, for example, helping people…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Shachi H Kumar , Hsuan Su , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Saurav Sahay , Lama Nachman

The utilization of large language models (LLMs) in the Healthcare domain has generated both excitement and concern due to their ability to effectively respond to freetext queries with certain professional knowledge. This survey outlines the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Kai He , Rui Mao , Qika Lin , Yucheng Ruan , Xiang Lan , Mengling Feng , Erik Cambria

Machine learning has been an emerging tool for various aspects of infectious diseases including tuberculosis surveillance and detection. However, WHO provided no recommendations on using computer-aided tuberculosis detection software…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Seelwan Sathitratanacheewin , Krit Pongpirul