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Related papers: The RAG Paradox: A Black-Box Attack Exploiting Uni…

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Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has advanced software engineering tasks but remains underexplored in unit test generation. To bridge this gap, we investigate the efficacy of RAG-based unit test generation for machine learning (ML/DL)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiho Shin , Nima Shiri Harzevili , Reem Aleithan , Hadi Hemmati , Song Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed human-machine interaction since ChatGPT's 2022 debut, with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) emerging as a key framework that enhances LLM outputs by integrating external knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alberto Castagnaro , Umberto Salviati , Mauro Conti , Luca Pajola , Simeone Pizzi

Retrieval augmented generation systems have become an integral part of everyday life. Whether in internet search engines, email systems, or service chatbots, these systems are based on context retrieval and answer generation with large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Patrick Levi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) increasingly underpins high-stakes applications, yet remains vulnerable to Confundo-style poisoning where adversarially optimized documents manipulate generated outputs. Existing defenses assume that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhe Yu , Wenpeng Xing , Gaolei Li , Shuguang Xiong , Hongzhi Wang , Xuyang Teng , Meng Han

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained significant popularity in modern Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its effectiveness in introducing new knowledge and reducing hallucinations. However, the deep understanding of RAG remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jingyu Liu , Jiaen Lin , Yong Liu

Existing jamming attacks on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically induce explicit refusals or denial-of-service behaviors, which are conspicuous and easy to detect. In this work, we formalize a subtler availability threat,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Wentao Zhang , Yan Zhuang , ZhuHang Zheng , Mingfei Zhang , Jiawen Deng , Fuji Ren

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a predominant method in the field of professional knowledge-based question answering. Presently, major foundation model companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Demiao Lin

Efficient question-answering (QA) over extensive scientific literature is essential for evidence-based engineering decision-making. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly applied to question-answering over long academic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Rui Yu , Tianyi Wang , Ruixia Liu , Yinglong Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves reliability of large language models by incorporating external knowledge, but the retrieval process can introduce bias that propagates to generated outputs. This issue is particularly…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yingqi Zhao , Vasilis Efthymiou , Jyrki Nummenmaa , Kostas Stefanidis

Robust content moderation classifiers are essential for the safety of Generative AI systems. In this task, differences between safe and unsafe inputs are often extremely subtle, making it difficult for classifiers (and indeed, even humans)…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, but this access path also introduces security risks that existing work often conflates with inherent LLM flaws. We frame secure RAG as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuming Xu , Mingtao Zhang , Zhuohan Ge , Haoyang Li , Nicole Hu , Yongqi Zhang , Zhiyuan Wen , Jason Chen Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are primarily designed under the assumption that each query has a single correct answer. This overlooks common information-seeking scenarios with multiple plausible answers, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tianyi Hu , Niket Tandon , Akhil Arora

Accurately identifying adversarial techniques in security texts is critical for effective cyber defense. However, existing methods face a fundamental trade-off: they either rely on generic models with limited domain precision or require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ahmed Lekssays , Utsav Shukla , Husrev Taha Sencar , Md Rizwan Parvez

This paper presents a domain-specific implementation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) tailored to the Fair Use Doctrine in U.S. copyright law. Motivated by the increasing prevalence of DMCA takedowns and the lack of accessible legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Justin Ho , Alexandra Colby , William Fisher

Safe and trustworthy use of Large Language Models (LLM) in the processing of healthcare documents and scientific papers could substantially help clinicians, scientists and policymakers in overcoming information overload and focusing on the…

The rapid development of large language models has led to the widespread adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which integrates external knowledge to alleviate knowledge bottlenecks and mitigate hallucinations. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ruotong Pan , Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Jia Zheng , Sirui Wang , Xunliang Cai , Le Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual grounding of Large Language Models by conditioning their outputs on external documents. However, standard embedding-based retrievers treat naturally structured corpora, such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giorgia Bolognesi , Claudio Estatico , Ulderico Fugacci , Isabella Mastroianni , Claudio Muselli , Luca Oneto

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been applied in many scenarios to augment large language models (LLMs) with external documents provided by retrievers. However, a semantic gap exists between LLMs and retrievers due to differences in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Fuda Ye , Shuangyin Li , Yongqi Zhang , Lei Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising framework to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its overall performance is dependent on the underlying retrieval system. In the finance domain,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Sejong Kim , Hyunseo Song , Hyunwoo Seo , Hyunjun Kim

The retrieval augmented generation (RAG) framework addresses an ambiguity in user queries in QA systems by retrieving passages that cover all plausible interpretations and generating comprehensive responses based on the passages. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yeonjun In , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Tong Yu , Ritwik Sinha , Chanyoung Park