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Expected Shortfall (ES), also known as superquantile or Conditional Value-at-Risk, has been recognized as an important measure in risk analysis and stochastic optimization, and is also finding applications beyond these areas. In finance, it…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-13 Xuming He , Kean Ming Tan , Wen-Xin Zhou

In the financial services industry, forecasting the risk factor distribution conditional on the history and the current market environment is the key to market risk modeling in general and value at risk (VaR) model in particular. As one of…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-22 Lars Ericson , Xuejun Zhu , Xusi Han , Rao Fu , Shuang Li , Steve Guo , Ping Hu

Several well-established benchmark predictors exist for Value-at-Risk (VaR), a major instrument for financial risk management. Hybrid methods combining AR-GARCH filtering with skewed-$t$ residuals and the extreme value theory-based approach…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-25 Shige Peng , Shuzhen Yang , Jianfeng Yao

This paper considers Importance Sampling (IS) for the estimation of tail risks of a loss defined in terms of a sophisticated object such as a machine learning feature map or a mixed integer linear optimisation formulation. Assuming only…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-06-21 Anand Deo , Karthyek Murthy

Motivated by the prominence of Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) as a measure for tail risk in settings affected by uncertainty, we develop a new formula for approximating CVaR based optimization objectives and their gradients from limited…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-25 Anand Deo , Karthyek Murthy

Rapidly evolving market conditions call for real-time risk monitoring, but its online estimation remains challenging. In this paper, we study the online estimation of one of the most widely used risk measures, Value at Risk (VaR). Its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Du-Yi Wang , Guo Liang , Kun Zhang , Qianwen Zhu

The increasing value of data held in enterprises makes it an attractive target to attackers. The increasing likelihood and impact of a cyber attack have highlighted the importance of effective cyber risk estimation. We propose two methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Raisa Dzhamtyrova , Carsten Maple

Expected shortfall (ES), also known as conditional value-at-risk, is a widely recognized risk measure that complements value-at-risk by capturing tail-related risks more effectively. Compared with quantile regression, which has been…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-13 Myeonghun Yu , Kean Ming Tan , Huixia Judy Wang , Wen-Xin Zhou

It is known that the estimating equations for quantile regression (QR) can be solved using an EM algorithm in which the M-step is computed via weighted least squares, with weights computed at the E-step as the expectation of independent…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-26 Haim Bar , James Booth , Martin T. Wells

This paper is concerned with the process of risk allocation for a generic multivariate model when the risk measure is chosen as the Value-at-Risk (VaR). We recast the traditional Euler contributions from an expectation conditional on an…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-22 Takaaki Koike , Yuri F. Saporito , Rodrigo S. Targino

In this paper we estimate the conditional value-at-risk by fitting different multivariate parametric models capturing some stylized facts about multivariate financial time series of equity returns: heavy tails, negative skew, asymmetric…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-24 Michele Leonardo Bianchi , Giovanni De Luca , Giorgia Rivieccio

We focus on the time-varying modeling of VaR at a given coverage $\tau$, assessing whether the quantiles of the distribution of the returns standardized by their conditional means and standard deviations exhibit predictable dynamics. Models…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-01 Fabrizio Cipollini , Giampiero M. Gallo , Alessandro Palandri

Accurate computation of robust estimates for extremal quantiles of empirical distributions is an essential task for a wide range of applicative fields, including economic policymaking and the financial industry. Such estimates are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-04 Pietro Bogani , Matteo Fontana , Luca Neri , Simone Vantini

In a wide variety of sequential decision making problems, it can be important to estimate the impact of rare events in order to minimize risk exposure. A popular risk measure is the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), which is commonly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-11 Dylan Troop , Frédéric Godin , Jia Yuan Yu

A joint conditional autoregressive expectile and Expected Shortfall framework is proposed. The framework is extended through incorporating a measurement equation which models the contemporaneous dependence between the realized measures and…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-06-25 Chao Wang , Richard Gerlach

GAS models have been recently proposed in time-series econometrics as valuable tools for signal extraction and prediction. This paper details how financial risk managers can use GAS models for Value-at-Risk (VaR) prediction using the novel…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-10-25 David Ardia , Kris Boudt , Leopoldo Catania

This paper presents non-parametric estimates of spectral risk measures applied to long and short positions in 5 prominent equity futures contracts. It also compares these to estimates of two popular alternative measures, the Value-at-Risk…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2011-03-30 john cotter , kevin dowd

We develop a Quantile Bayesian Vector Autoregression (QBVAR) to forecast real oil prices across different quantiles of the conditional distribution. The model allows predictor effects to vary across quantiles, capturing asymmetries that…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-15 Hilde C. Bjornland , Nicolas Hardy , Dimitris Korobilis

Optimizing Conditional Value-at-risk (CVaR) using policy gradient (a.k.a CVaR-PG) faces significant challenges of sample inefficiency. This inefficiency stems from the fact that it focuses on tail-end performance and overlooks many sampled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yudong Luo , Erick Delage

Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) are two risk measures which are widely used in the practice of risk management. This paper deals with the problem of computing both VaR and CVaR using stochastic approximation (with…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2010-12-06 Olivier Aj Bardou , Noufel Frikha , G. Pagès