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Related papers: Amortized Conditional Independence Testing

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We propose a test of the conditional independence of random variables $X$ and~$Y$ given~$Z$ under the additional assumption that $X$ is stochastically nondecreasing in~$Z$. The well-documented hardness of testing conditional independence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Rohan Hore , Jake A. Soloff , Rina Foygel Barber , Richard J. Samworth

Learning causal relations from observational data is a fundamental problem with wide-ranging applications across many fields. Constraint-based methods infer the underlying causal structure by performing conditional independence tests.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Marc Franquesa Monés , Jiaqi Zhang , Caroline Uhler

This paper develops a conditional independence (CI) test from a conditional density ratio (CDR) for weakly dependent data. The main contribution is presenting a closed-form expression for the estimated conditional density ratio function…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-25 Chunrong Ai , Zixuan Xu , Zheng Zhang

Constraint-based structure learning algorithms infer the causal structure of multivariate systems from observational data by determining an equivalent class of causal structures compatible with the conditional independencies in the data.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-22 Daniel Chicharro , Stefano Panzeri , Ilya Shpitser

Dynamic Bayesian networks have been well explored in the literature as discrete-time models: however, their continuous-time extensions have seen comparatively little attention. In this paper, we propose the first constraint-based algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Alessandro Bregoli , Marco Scutari , Fabio Stella

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a fundamental unsupervised learning technique foruncovering latent structure in data by separating mixed signals into their independent sources. While substantial progress has been made in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuwen Jiang

Constraint-based causal discovery (CCD) algorithms require fast and accurate conditional independence (CI) testing. The Kernel Conditional Independence Test (KCIT) is currently one of the most popular CI tests in the non-parametric setting,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-14 Eric V. Strobl , Kun Zhang , Shyam Visweswaran

We study the problem of learning multivariate dependencies in nonparametric and high-dimensional settings. This includes but is not limited to graphical models. Our approach effectively combines several features that are missing from…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Arash A. Amini , Bryon Aragam , Qing Zhou

Constraint-based causal discovery algorithms utilize many statistical tests for conditional independence to uncover networks of causal dependencies. These approaches to causal discovery rely on an assumed correspondence between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Bijan Mazaheri , Jiaqi Zhang , Caroline Uhler

Causal phenomena associated with rare events occur across a wide range of engineering problems, such as risk-sensitive safety analysis, accident analysis and prevention, and extreme value theory. However, current methods for causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-19 Chih-Yuan Chiu , Kshitij Kulkarni , Shankar Sastry

Constraint-based causal discovery relies on numerous conditional independence tests (CITs), but its practical applicability is severely constrained by the prohibitive computational cost, especially as CITs themselves have high time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhengkang Guan , Kun Kuang

Since the turn of the century, approximate Bayesian inference has steadily evolved as new computational techniques have been incorporated to handle increasingly complex and large-scale predictive problems. The recent success of deep neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-14 Roy Shivam Ram Shreshtth , Arnab Hazra , Gourab Mukherjee

Conditional independence provides a way to understand causal relationships among the variables of interest. An underlying system may exhibit more fine-grained causal relationships especially between a variable and its parents, which will be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Inwoo Hwang , Yunhyeok Kwak , Yeon-Ji Song , Byoung-Tak Zhang , Sanghack Lee

Independent component analysis provides a principled framework for unsupervised representation learning, with solid theory on the identifiability of the latent code that generated the data, given only observations of mixtures thereof.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-10 Luigi Gresele , Julius von Kügelgen , Vincent Stimper , Bernhard Schölkopf , Michel Besserve

Amortized Bayesian inference trains neural networks to solve stochastic inference problems using model simulations, thereby making it possible to rapidly perform Bayesian inference for any newly observed data. However, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Manuel Gloeckler , Michael Deistler , Christian Weilbach , Frank Wood , Jakob H. Macke

Estimating causal effects from observational data requires identifying valid adjustment sets. This task is especially challenging in realistic settings where latent confounding and feedback loops are present. Existing approaches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ana Leticia Garcez Vicente , Gijs van Seeventer , Saber Salehkaleybar

We present and evaluate the Fast (conditional) Independence Test (FIT) -- a nonparametric conditional independence test. The test is based on the idea that when $P(X \mid Y, Z) = P(X \mid Y)$, $Z$ is not useful as a feature to predict $X$,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-10 Krzysztof Chalupka , Pietro Perona , Frederick Eberhardt

Tests of conditional independence (CI) underpin a number of important problems in machine learning and statistics, from causal discovery to evaluation of predictor fairness and out-of-distribution robustness. Shah and Peters (2020) showed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-17 Zheng He , Roman Pogodin , Yazhe Li , Namrata Deka , Arthur Gretton , Danica J. Sutherland

Independence screening is a powerful method for variable selection for `Big Data' when the number of variables is massive. Commonly used independence screening methods are based on marginal correlations or variations of it. In many…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-02 Emre Barut , Jianqing Fan , Anneleen Verhasselt

Inferring causal relationships from dynamical systems is the central interest of many scientific inquiries. Conditional local independence, which describes whether the evolution of one process is influenced by another process given…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-09 Mingzhou Liu , Xinwei Sun , Yizhou Wang