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The generation of spectrally pure high-frequency microwave signals is a critical functionality in fundamental and applied sciences, including metrology and communications. The development of optical frequency combs has enabled the powerful…

Optical frequency combs consist of equally spaced discrete optical frequency components and are essential tools for optical communications and for precision metrology, timing and spectroscopy. To date, wide-spanning combs are most often…

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized precision measurement, time-keeping, and molecular spectroscopy. A substantial effort has developed around "microcombs": integrating comb-generating technologies into compact, reliable photonic…

Kerr microresonators generate interesting and useful fundamental states of electromagnetic radiation through nonlinear interactions of continuous-wave (CW) laser light. Using photonic-integration techniques, functional devices with low…

Optical frequency division (OFD) has revolutionized microwave and mmWave generation and set spectral purity records owing to its unique capability to transfer high fractional stability from optical to electronic frequencies. Recently, rapid…

Low-noise microwave oscillators are cornerstones for wireless communication, radar and clocks. Optical frequency combs have enabled photonic microwaves with unrivalled noise performance and bandwidth. Emerging interest is to generate…

Laser-driven high-Q Kerr-nonlinear optical microresonators enable parametric oscillation with low-power continuous-wave lasers and host a variety of coherent dissipative structures, including dissipative Kerr solitons and switching waves.…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-08 Tobias Herr , Alexey Tikan , Tobias J. Kippenberg

Optical frequency combs are broadband sources that offer mutually-coherent, equidistant spectral lines with unprecedented precision in frequency and timing for an array of applications. Kerr frequency combs in microresonators require a…

Optical frequency combs are indispensable links between the optical and microwave domains, enabling a wide range of applications including precision spectroscopy, ultrastable frequency generation, and timekeeping. Chip-scale integration…

Optics · Physics 2024-02-20 Yunxiang Song , Yaowen Hu , Marko Lončar , Kiyoul Yang

Optical frequency combs (OFCs), composed of equally spaced frequency tones, have spurred advancements in communications, spectroscopy, precision measurement and fundamental physics research. A prevalent method for generating OFCs involves…

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized frequency metrology and timekeeping, and can be used in a wide range of optical technologies. Advances are under way that allow dramatic miniaturization of optical frequency combs using Kerr…

Optical atomic clocks deliver unrivaled precision, yet their size and complexity still confine them to specialized laboratories. Frequency combs provide the crucial optical-to-microwave division needed for clock readout, but conventional…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-12 Andrei Diakonov , Konstantin Khrizman , Liron Stern

We review new applications of integrated microcombs in RF and microwave photonic systems. We demonstrate a wide range of powerful functions including a photonic intensity high order and fractional differentiators, optical true time delays,…

High speed optical telecommunication is enabled by wavelength division multiplexing, whereby hundreds of individually stabilized lasers encode the information within a single mode optical fiber. In the seek for larger bandwidth the optical…

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized the field of frequency metrology within the last decade and have become enabling tools for atomic clocks, gas sensing and astrophysical spectrometer calibration. The rapidly increasing number of…

Optics · Physics 2015-11-30 P. Del'Haye , T. Herr , E. Gavartin , R. Holzwarth , T. J. Kippenberg

Optical frequency combs allow for precise measurement of optical frequencies and are used in a growing number of applications beyond spectroscopy and optical frequency metrology. A class of compact microresonator based frequency comb…

The ability to generate efficient and coherent frequency combs using photonic integrated circuits offers tremendous potential for a range of applications. In particular, "microcombs" based on chip-integrated resonators are poised to…

Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of optical pulses enables exquisitely precise measurements by way of direct optical-frequency synthesis, absolute optical-to-microwave phase conversion, and control of ultrafast waveforms. We report such…

CMOS-compatible Kerr microcombs have drawn substantial interest as mass-manufacturable, compact alternatives to bulk frequency combs. This could enable deployment of many comb-reliant applications previously confined to laboratories.…

Optical frequency combs play a crucial role in optical communications, time-frequency metrology, precise ranging, and sensing. Among various generation schemes, resonant electro-optic combs are particularly attractive for its excellent…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-02 Zhaoxi Chen , Yiwen Zhang , Hanke Feng , Yuansong Zeng , Ke Zhang , Cheng Wang
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