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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated code refactoring tasks. Although these models can quickly refactor code, the quality may exhibit inconsistencies and unpredictable behavior. In this article, we systematically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Norman Peitek , Julia Hess , Sven Apel

Code readability is one of the main aspects of code quality, influenced by various properties like identifier names, comments, code structure, and adherence to standards. However, measuring this attribute poses challenges in both industry…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Igor Regis da Silva Simoes , Elaine Venson

Software comments are critical for human understanding of software, and as such many comment generation techniques have been proposed. However, we find that a systematic evaluation of the factual accuracy of generated comments is rare; only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Sungmin Kang , Louis Milliken , Shin Yoo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in reasoning, demonstrating their capability to generate human-like responses. This study analyzes the problem-solving capabilities of LLMs in the domain of thermodynamics. A…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Rebecca Loubet , Pascal Zittlau , Luisa Vollmer , Marco Hoffmann , Sophie Fellenz , Fabian Jirasek , Heike Leitte , Hans Hasse

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Test smells indicate poor development practices in test code, reducing maintainability and reliability. While developers often struggle to prevent or refactor these issues, existing tools focus primarily on detection rather than automated…

Large Language Models (LLMs) changed the way we design and interact with software systems. Their ability to process and extract information from text has drastically improved productivity in a number of routine tasks. Developers that want…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Federico Errica , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Roberto Bifulco

Large language models have shown good potential in supporting software development tasks. This is why more and more developers turn to LLMs (e.g. ChatGPT) to support them in fixing their buggy code. While this can save time and effort, many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yacine Majdoub , Eya Ben Charrada

Given the rapid ascent of large language models (LLMs), we study the question: (How) can large language models help in reviewing of scientific papers or proposals? We first conduct some pilot studies where we find that (i) GPT-4 outperforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Ryan Liu , Nihar B. Shah

The growing trend of vulnerability issues in software development as a result of a large dependence on open-source projects has received considerable attention recently. This paper investigates the effectiveness of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shaznin Sultana , Sadia Afreen , Nasir U. Eisty

While code review is central to the software development process, it can be tedious and expensive to carry out. In this paper, we investigate whether and how Large Language Models (LLMs) can aid with code reviews. Our investigation focuses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Rasmus Ingemann Tuffveson Jensen , Vali Tawosi , Salwa Alamir

Software specifications are essential for many Software Engineering (SE) tasks such as bug detection and test generation. Many existing approaches are proposed to extract the specifications defined in natural language form (e.g., comments)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Danning Xie , Byungwoo Yoo , Nan Jiang , Mijung Kim , Lin Tan , Xiangyu Zhang , Judy S. Lee

We evaluate recent Large Language Models (LLMs) on the challenging task of summarizing short stories, which can be lengthy, and include nuanced subtext or scrambled timelines. Importantly, we work directly with authors to ensure that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Melanie Subbiah , Sean Zhang , Lydia B. Chilton , Kathleen McKeown

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as coding assistants, capable of generating source code from natural language prompts. With the increasing adoption of LLMs in software development, academic research and industry based projects are…

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of machine learning models have been developed to assist programming tasks including the generation of program code from natural language input. However, how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate capabilities in code generation, potentially boosting developer productivity. However, their adoption remains limited by high computational costs, among other factors. Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Débora Souza , Rohit Gheyi , Lucas Albuquerque , Gustavo Soares , Márcio Ribeiro

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xin Zhou , Ting Zhang , David Lo

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and Copilot, are transforming software development by automating code generation and, arguably, enable rapid prototyping, support education, and boost productivity. Therefore, correctness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Robin Beer , Alexander Feix , Tim Guttzeit , Tamara Muras , Vincent Müller , Maurice Rauscher , Florian Schäffler , Welf Löwe

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has changed software development, with tools like Copilot, JetBrains AI Assistant, and others boosting developers' productivity. However, developers now spend more time reviewing code than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Agnia Sergeyuk , Olga Lvova , Sergey Titov , Anastasiia Serova , Farid Bagirov , Timofey Bryksin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language and code generation, and are increasingly deployed as automatic judges of model outputs and learning activities. Yet, their behavior on structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 H. M. Shadman Tabib , Jaber Ahmed Deedar