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Continual test-time adaptive object detection (CTTA-OD) aims to online adapt a source pre-trained detector to ever-changing environments during inference under continuous domain shifts. Most existing CTTA-OD methods prioritize effectiveness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Kunyu Wang , Xueyang Fu , Xin Lu , Chengjie Ge , Chengzhi Cao , Wei Zhai , Zheng-Jun Zha

Real-world application models are commonly deployed in dynamic environments, where the target domain distribution undergoes temporal changes. Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) has recently emerged as a promising technique to gradually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shilei Cao , Juepeng Zheng , Yan Liu , Baoquan Zhao , Ziqi Yuan , Weijia Li , Runmin Dong , Haohuan Fu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has increasingly been an important topic to efficiently tackle the cross-domain distribution shift at test time for medical images from different institutions. Previous TTA methods have a common limitation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Hongzheng Yang , Cheng Chen , Meirui Jiang , Quande Liu , Jianfeng Cao , Pheng Ann Heng , Qi Dou

Test-time adaptation (TTA) intends to adapt the pretrained model to test distributions with only unlabeled test data streams. Most of the previous TTA methods have achieved great success on simple test data streams such as independently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Shuang Li

Continual learning in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) faces the dual challenges of catastrophic forgetting and the high computational cost of retraining. This study establishes Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) as a parameter-efficient framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Salvador Carrión , Francisco Casacuberta

Real-world systems often encounter new data over time, which leads to experiencing target domain shifts. Existing Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods tend to apply computationally heavy and memory-intensive backpropagation-based approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Yanshuo Wang , Ali Cheraghian , Zeeshan Hayder , Jie Hong , Sameera Ramasinghe , Shafin Rahman , David Ahmedt-Aristizabal , Xuesong Li , Lars Petersson , Mehrtash Harandi

Continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) has recently emerged to adapt a pre-trained source model to continuously evolving target distributions, which accommodates the dynamic nature of real-world environments. To mitigate the risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Chaoran Cui , Yongrui Zhen , Shuai Gong , Chunyun Zhang , Hui Liu , Yilong Yin

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate performance degradation under distribution shifts by updating model parameters during inference. Existing approaches have primarily framed adaptation around affine modulation, focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Hyeongyu Kim , Geonhui Han , Dosik Hwang

Since real-world machine systems are running in non-stationary environments, Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task is proposed to adapt the pre-trained model to continually changing target domains. Recently, existing methods mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jiaming Liu , Senqiao Yang , Peidong Jia , Renrui Zhang , Ming Lu , Yandong Guo , Wei Xue , Shanghang Zhang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts for streaming test data in unsupervised settings. Currently, most TTA methods can only deal with minor shifts and rely heavily on heuristic and empirical studies. To advance TTA under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Shuiwang Ji

While there are many advantages to deploying machine learning models on edge devices, the resource constraints of mobile platforms, the dynamic nature of the environment, and differences between the distribution of training versus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Cynthia Dong , Hong Jia , Young D. Kwon , Georgios Rizos , Cecilia Mascolo

Continual test-time domain adaptation (CTTA) aims to adjust models so that they can perform well over time across non-stationary environments. While previous methods have made considerable efforts to optimize the adaptation process, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yanshuo Wang , Jinguang Tong , Jun Lan , Weiqiang Wang , Huijia Zhu , Haoxing Chen , Xuesong Li , Jie Hong

Despite recent advancements in deep learning, deep neural networks continue to suffer from performance degradation when applied to new data that differs from training data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address this challenge by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sanghun Jung , Jungsoo Lee , Nanhee Kim , Amirreza Shaban , Byron Boots , Jaegul Choo

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA), which aims to adapt the pre-trained model to ever-evolving target domains, emerges as an important task for vision models. As current vision models appear to be heavily biased towards texture,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Rongyu Zhang , Aosong Cheng , Yulin Luo , Gaole Dai , Huanrui Yang , Jiaming Liu , Ran Xu , Li Du , Yuan Du , Yanbing Jiang , Shanghang Zhang

It is a well-known fact that the performance of deep learning models deteriorates when they encounter a distribution shift at test time. Test-time adaptation (TTA) algorithms have been proposed to adapt the model online while inferring test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jayeon Yoo , Dongkwan Lee , Inseop Chung , Donghyun Kim , Nojun Kwak

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a pretrained model to ever-changing environments during the test time under continuous domain shifts. Most existing CTTA approaches are based on the Mean Teacher (MT) structure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jiaxu Tian , Fan Lyu

Deep neural networks often degrade under distribution shifts. Although domain adaptation offers a solution, privacy constraints often prevent access to source data, making Test-Time Adaptation (TTA, which adapts using only unlabeled test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Linjing You , Jiabao Lu , Xiayuan Huang

Recent continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) methods adopt masked image modeling to stabilize learning under distribution shift, yet each treats its masking family $F$ as a fixed design choice and innovates exclusively along the selection…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) adapts the pre-trained models to test distributions during the inference phase exclusively employing unlabeled test data streams, which holds great value for the deployment of models in real-world applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Shuang Li , Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Tao Yang

Prior to the deployment of robotic systems, pre-training the deep-recognition models on all potential visual cases is infeasible in practice. Hence, test-time adaptation (TTA) allows the model to adapt itself to novel environments and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Junha Song , Kwanyong Park , InKyu Shin , Sanghyun Woo , Chaoning Zhang , In So Kweon