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Place recognition is essential for achieving closed-loop or global positioning in autonomous vehicles and mobile robots. Despite recent advancements in place recognition using 2D cameras or 3D LiDAR, it remains to be seen how to use 4D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shouyi Lu , Guirong Zhuo , Haitao Wang , Quan Zhou , Huanyu Zhou , Renbo Huang , Minqing Huang , Lianqing Zheng , Qiang Shu

The horizontal orientation angle and vertical inclination angle of an elongated subsurface object are key parameters for object identification and imaging in ground penetrating radar (GPR) applications. Conventional methods can only extract…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-05 Hai-Han Sun , Yee Hui Lee , Chongyi Li , Genevieve Ow , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

LiDAR relocalization has attracted increasing attention as it can deliver accurate 6-DoF pose estimation in complex 3D environments. Recent learning-based regression methods offer efficient solutions by directly predicting global poses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jianshi Wu , Minghang Zhu , Dunqiang Liu , Wen Li , Sheng Ao , Siqi Shen , Chenglu Wen , Cheng Wang

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) has been traditionally formulated as a single-image retrieval task. Using multiple views offers clear advantages, yet this setting remains relatively underexplored and existing methods often struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tianchen Deng , Xun Chen , Ziming Li , Hongming Shen , Danwei Wang , Javier Civera , Hesheng Wang

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) combines depth resolution, non-destructive operation, and broad material sensitivity, yet it has seen limited use in diagnosing building envelopes. The compact geometry of wall assemblies, where reflections…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Ahmed Nirjhar Alam , Wesley Reinhart , Rebecca Napolitano

A DNN architecture referred to as GPRInvNet was proposed to tackle the challenges of mapping the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) B-Scan data to complex permittivity maps of subsurface structures. The GPRInvNet consisted of a trace-to-trace…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Bin Liu , Yuxiao Ren , Hanchi Liu , Hui Xu , Zhengfang Wang , Anthony G. Cohn , Peng Jiang

With the goal of predicting the future rainfall intensity in a local region over a relatively short period time, precipitation nowcasting has been a long-time scientific challenge with great social and economic impact. The radar echo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Bi-Ying Yan , Chao Yang , Feng Chen , Kohei Takeda , Changjun Wang

Place recognition, an essential challenge in computer vision and robotics, involves identifying previously visited locations. Despite algorithmic progress, challenges related to appearance change persist, with existing datasets often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Dongjae Lee , Minwoo Jung , Ayoung Kim

Graph neural networks (GNNs) provide a powerful and scalable solution for modeling continuous spatial data. However, they often rely on Euclidean distances to construct the input graphs. This assumption can be improbable in many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Konstantin Klemmer , Nathan Safir , Daniel B. Neill

The forward full-wave modeling of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) facilitates the understanding and interpretation of GPR data. Traditional forward solvers require excessive computational resources, especially when their repetitive…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Qiqi Dai , Yee Hui Lee , Hai-Han Sun , Jiwei Qian , Genevieve Ow , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

Localization of robots using subsurface features observed by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) enhances and adds robustness to common sensor modalities, as subsurface features are less affected by weather, seasons, and surface changes. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Haifeng Li , Jiajun Guo , Xuanxin Fan , Dezhen Song

Visual place recognition (VPR) is a fundamental task for many applications such as robot localization and augmented reality. Recently, the hierarchical VPR methods have received considerable attention due to the trade-off between accuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Feng Lu , Shuting Dong , Lijun Zhang , Bingxi Liu , Xiangyuan Lan , Dongmei Jiang , Chun Yuan

In this paper we address the task of visual place recognition (VPR), where the goal is to retrieve the correct GPS coordinates of a given query image against a huge geotagged gallery. While recent works have shown that building descriptors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Valerio Paolicelli , Antonio Tavera , Carlo Masone , Gabriele Berton , Barbara Caputo

The reconstruction of the 3D permittivity map from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data is of great importance for mapping subsurface environments and inspecting underground structural integrity. Traditional iterative 3D reconstruction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Qiqi Dai , Yee Hui Lee , Hai-Han Sun , Genevieve Ow , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

A common need for artificial intelligence models in the broader geoscience is to represent and encode various types of spatial data, such as points (e.g., points of interest), polylines (e.g., trajectories), polygons (e.g., administrative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Gengchen Mai , Krzysztof Janowicz , Yingjie Hu , Song Gao , Bo Yan , Rui Zhu , Ling Cai , Ni Lao

In this field report, we detail the lessons learned from our field expedition to collect Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data in a Mars analog environment for the purpose of validating GPR localization techniques in rugged environments.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Anja Sheppard , Katherine A. Skinner

Urban roads and infrastructure, vital to city operations, face growing threats from subsurface anomalies like cracks and cavities. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) effectively visualizes underground conditions employing electromagnetic (EM)…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Xiren Zhou , Shikang Liu , Xinyu Yan , Yizhan Fan , Xiangyu Wang , Yu Kang , Jian Cheng , Huanhuan Chen

Dimension reduction (DR) is commonly utilized to capture the intrinsic structure and transform high-dimensional data into low-dimensional space while retaining meaningful properties of the original data. It is used in various applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Zelin Zang , Shenghui Cheng , Linyan Lu , Hanchen Xia , Liangyu Li , Yaoting Sun , Yongjie Xu , Lei Shang , Baigui Sun , Stan Z. Li

An optimal solution to the localization problem is essential for developing autonomous robotic systems. Apart from autonomous vehicles, precision agriculture is one of the elds that can bene t most from these systems. Although LiDAR place…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Judith Vilella-Cantos , Mónica Ballesta , David Valiente , María Flores , Luis Payá

As a mature technology, Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) is now widely employed in detecting rebar and other embedded elements in concrete structures. Manually recognizing rebar from GPR data is a time-consuming and error-prone procedure.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Zhongming Xiang , Abbas Rashidi , Ge , Ou