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This work introduces Cyri, an AI-powered conversational assistant designed to support a human user in detecting and analyzing phishing emails by leveraging Large Language Models. Cyri has been designed to scrutinize emails for semantic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Antonio La Torre , Marco Angelini

Spear Phishing is a harmful cyber-attack facing business and individuals worldwide. Considerable research has been conducted recently into the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect spear-phishing emails. ML-based solutions may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Keelan Evans , Alsharif Abuadbba , Tingmin Wu , Kristen Moore , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Ganna Pogrebna , Surya Nepal , Mike Johnstone

Phishing is one of the most prolific cybercriminal activities, with attacks becoming increasingly sophisticated. It is, therefore, imperative to explore novel technologies to improve user protection across both technical and human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Giuseppe Desolda , Francesco Greco , Luca Viganò

Internet technology is so pervasive today, for example, from online social networking to online banking, it has made people's lives more comfortable. Due the growth of Internet technology, security threats to systems and networks are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-30 B. B. Gupta , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Konstantinos E. Psannis

Phishing attacks threaten online users, often leading to data breaches, financial losses, and identity theft. Traditional phishing detection systems struggle with high false positive rates and are usually limited by the types of attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Sneha Baskota

Fraud and terrorism have a close connect in terms of the processes that enables and promote them. In the era of Internet, its various services that include Web, e-mail, social networks, blogs, instant messaging, chats, etc. are used in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-12-26 M. Tariq Banday , Jameel A. Qadri , Tariq. R. Jan , Nisar. A. Shah

The rise of QR code-based phishing ("Quishing") poses a growing cybersecurity threat, as attackers increasingly exploit QR codes to bypass traditional phishing defenses. Existing detection methods predominantly focus on URL analysis, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

Each month, more attacks are launched with the aim of making web users believe that they are communicating with a trusted entity which compels them to share their personal, financial information. Phishing costs Internet users billions of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Srishti Gupta , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Spear Phishing is a type of cyber-attack where the attacker sends hyperlinks through email on well-researched targets. The objective is to obtain sensitive information by imitating oneself as a trustworthy website. In recent times, deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Sharif Amit Kamran , Shamik Sengupta , Alireza Tavakkoli

Blockchain and decentralized finance have revolutionized the financial ecosystem while simultaneously exposing it to cryptocurrency phishing attacks. Existing phishing detection methods primarily rely on graph learning, but they face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Siqi Lin , Hongda Li , Ziming Zhao

Phishing attacks have become an increasing threat to online users. Recent research has begun to focus on the factors that cause people to respond to them. Our study examines the correlation between the Big Five personality traits and email…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-02-11 Tzipora Halevi , Jim Lewis , Nasir Memon

As a fundamental communicative service, email is playing an important role in both individual and corporate communications, which also makes it one of the most frequently attack vectors. An email's authenticity is based on an authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Kaiwen Shen , Chuhan Wang , Minglei Guo , Xiaofeng Zheng , Chaoyi Lu , Baojun Liu , Yuxuan Zhao , Shuang Hao , Haixin Duan , Qingfeng Pan , Min Yang

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to detect phishing emails is primarily dependent on large-scale centralized datasets, which opens it up to a myriad of privacy, trust, and legal issues. Moreover, organizations are loathed to share…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Chandra Thapa , Jun Wen Tang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Yansong Gao , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal , Mahathir Almashor , Yifeng Zheng

User ignorance towards the use of communication services like Instant Messengers, emails, websites, social networks etc. is becoming the biggest advantage for phishers. It is required to create technical awareness in users by educating them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Mohammad S. Qaseem , A. Govardhan

In today's business environment, it is difficult to imagine a workplace without access to the web, yet a variety of email born viruses, spyware, adware, Trojan horses, phishing attacks, directory harvest attacks, DoS attacks, and other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-12-30 M. Tariq Banday , Jameel A. Qadri

The ever-evolving ways attacker continues to im prove their phishing techniques to bypass existing state-of-the-art phishing detection methods pose a mountain of challenges to researchers in both industry and academia research due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Tosin Ige , Christopher Kiekintveld , Aritran Piplai

This paper compares the risk factors for becoming a victim of two types of phishing: high-tech phishing (using malicious software) and low-tech phishing (using e-mails and telephone calls). These risk factors are linked to possibilities for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-06-03 Eric Rutger Leukfeldt

Several previous studies have investigated user susceptibility to phishing attacks. A thorough meta-analysis or systematic review is required to gain a better understanding of these findings and to assess the strength of evidence for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Shahryar Baki , Rakesh Verma

Phishing continues to pose a significant cybersecurity threat. While blocklists currently serve as a primary defense, due to their reactive, passive nature, these delayed responses leave phishing websites operational long enough to harm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Kyungchan Lim , Raffaele Sommese , Mattis Jonker , Ricky Mok , kc claffy , Doowon Kim

Phishing as one of the most well-known cybercrime activities is a deception of online users to steal their personal or confidential information by impersonating a legitimate website. Several machine learning-based strategies have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Mahdieh Zabihimayvan , Derek Doran