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Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), Montgomery proved a theorem in 1973 concerning the pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function and applied this to prove that at least $2/3$ of the zeros are simple. In this paper, we…

In this paper we study the distribution of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function $\zeta(s)$ (and other L-functions) using Montgomery's pair correlation approach. We use semidefinite programming to improve upon numerous…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Andrés Chirre , Felipe Gonçalves , David de Laat

Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), Montgomery proved a theorem concerning pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. One consequence of this theorem is that, assuming RH, at least $67.9\%$ of the nontrivial zeros are simple.…

We prove that the error in the prime number theorem can be quantitatively improved beyond the Riemann Hypothesis bound by using versions of Montgomery's conjecture for the pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function which are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-21 D. A. Goldston , Ade Irma Suriajaya

Montgomery in 1973 introduced the pair correlation method to study the vertical distribution of Riemann zeta-function zeros. This work assumed the Riemann Hypothesis (RH). One striking application was a short proof that at least 2/3 of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Daniel A. Goldston , Ade Irma Suriajaya

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis and Montgomery's Pair Correlation Conjecture, we investigate the distribution of the sequences $(\log|\zeta(\rho+z)|)$ and $(\arg\zeta(\rho+z)).$ Here $\rho=\frac12+i\gamma$ runs over the nontrivial zeros of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Fatma Cicek

We study three integrals related to the celebrated pair correlation conjecture of H. L. Montgomery. The first is the integral of Montgomery's function $F(\alpha, T)$ in bounded intervals, the second is an integral introduced by Selberg…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-21 Emanuel Carneiro , Vorrapan Chandee , Andrés Chirre , Micah B. Milinovich

In 1973 Montgomery formulated the pair correlation conjecture, predicting that the local spacing statistics of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function coincide with those of eigenvalues of large Hermitian matrices from the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Yochay Jerby

Montgomery in 1973 introduced the Pair Correlation Conjecture (PCC) for zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. He also conjectured that asymptotically 100% of the zeros are simple. His reasoning to support these two conjectures used the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Daniel Alan Goldston , Junghun Lee , Jordan Schettler , Ade Irma Suriajaya

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we obtain a formula for the mean value of the $k$-derivative of $\zeta'/\zeta$, depending on the pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. This formula allows us to obtain new equivalences to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Andrés Chirre

We study an extension of Montgomery's pair-correlation conjecture and its relevance in some problems on the distribution of prime numbers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Alessandro Languasco , Alberto Perelli , Alessandro Zaccagnini

The discovery of connections between the distribution of energy levels of heavy nuclei and spacings between prime numbers has been one of the most surprising and fruitful observations in the twentieth century. The connection between the two…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-17 Owen Barrett , Frank W. K. Firk , Steven J. Miller , Caroline Turnage-Butterbaugh

Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture predicts the asymptotic behavior of the function $N(T,\beta)$ defined to be the number of pairs $\gamma$ and $\gamma'$ of ordinates of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function satisfying…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Emanuel Carneiro , Vorrapan Chandee , Friedrich Littmann , Micah B. Milinovich

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we improve the current upper and lower bounds for the average value of Montgomery's function $F(\alpha, T)$ over long intervals by means of a Fourier optimization framework. The function $F(\alpha, T)$ is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-06 Emanuel Carneiro , Micah B. Milinovich , Antonio Pedro Ramos

We prove an extension of the Landau-Gonek formula. As an application we recover unconditionally some of the consequences of a pair correlation estimate that previously was known under the Riemann hypothesis. As one corollary we prove that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-15 Farzad Aryan

We continue our investigation of the distribution of the fractional parts of $a \gamma$, where $a$ is a fixed non-zero real number and $\gamma$ runs over the imaginary parts of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-07-27 Kevin Ford , K. Soundararajan , Alexandru Zaharescu

On the assumption of the Riemann hypothesis, we show that over a class of sufficiently smooth test functions, a measure conjectured by Bogomolny and Keating coincides to a very small error with the actual pair correlation measure for zeroes…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Brad Rodgers

The present paper is a report on joint work with Alessandro Languasco and Alberto Perelli on our recent investigations on the Selberg integral and its connections to Montgomery's pair-correlation function. We introduce a more general form…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-10 Alessandro Zaccagnini

In this paper, we introduce the resonance-correlation method to study small gaps between consecutive zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. Our method is based on a synthesis of Montgomery's pair correlation approach and the Montgomery-Odlyzko…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Shōta Inoue

In this paper, we derive a more precise version of the Strong Pair Correlation Conjecture on the zeros of the Riemann zeta function under Riemann Hypothesis and Twin Prime Conjecture.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tsz Ho Chan
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