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Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires an information retrieval (IR) system that can find \emph{multiple} supporting evidence needed to answer the question, making the retrieval process very challenging. This paper introduces an IR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Ameya Godbole , Dilip Kavarthapu , Rajarshi Das , Zhiyu Gong , Abhishek Singhal , Hamed Zamani , Mo Yu , Tian Gao , Xiaoxiao Guo , Manzil Zaheer , Andrew McCallum

We propose a simple and efficient multi-hop dense retrieval approach for answering complex open-domain questions, which achieves state-of-the-art performance on two multi-hop datasets, HotpotQA and multi-evidence FEVER. Contrary to previous…

Multi-hop reasoning requires aggregating multiple documents to answer a complex question. Existing methods usually decompose the multi-hop question into simpler single-hop questions to solve the problem for illustrating the explainable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Zhihao Fan , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Retrieving information from correlative paragraphs or documents to answer open-domain multi-hop questions is very challenging. To deal with this challenge, most of the existing works consider paragraphs as nodes in a graph and propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Nan Shao , Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

Multi-hop question answering (QA) involves finding multiple relevant passages and step-by-step reasoning to answer complex questions, indicating a retrieve-and-read paradigm. However, previous retrievers were customized for two-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jiahao Zhang , Haiyang Zhang , Dongmei Zhang , Yong Liu , Shen Huang

Knowledge transfer from a complex high performing model to a simpler and potentially low performing one in order to enhance its performance has been of great interest over the last few years as it finds applications in important problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Amit Dhurandhar , Tejaswini Pedapati

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) is a challenging task since it requires an accurate aggregation of information from multiple context paragraphs and a thorough understanding of the underlying reasoning chains. Recent work in multi-hop QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Kaige Xie , Sarah Wiegreffe , Mark Riedl

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires reasoning over multiple documents to answer a complex question and provide interpretable supporting evidence. However, providing supporting evidence is not enough to demonstrate that a model has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Zhenyun Deng , Yonghua Zhu , Yang Chen , Qianqian Qi , Michael Witbrock , Patricia Riddle

We study the problem of Query Performance Prediction (QPP) for open-domain multi-hop Question Answering (QA), where the task is to estimate the difficulty of evaluating a multi-hop question over a corpus. Despite the extensive research on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Mohammadreza Samadi , Davood Rafiei

Multi-hop question answering requires models to gather information from different parts of a text to answer a question. Most current approaches learn to address this task in an end-to-end way with neural networks, without maintaining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jifan Chen , Shih-ting Lin , Greg Durrett

We propose a new model, DocHopper, that iteratively attends to different parts of long, hierarchically structured documents to answer complex questions. Similar to multi-hop question-answering (QA) systems, at each step, DocHopper uses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

This paper is concerned with the task of multi-hop open-domain Question Answering (QA). This task is particularly challenging since it requires the simultaneous performance of textual reasoning and efficient searching. We present a method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Yair Feldman , Ran El-Yaniv

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires models to retrieve and reason over multiple pieces of evidence. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has made progress in this area, existing methods often suffer from two key limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuelyu Ji , Rui Meng , Zhuochun Li , Daqing He

Multi-hop question answering is a challenging task with distinct industrial relevance, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods based on large language models (LLMs) have become a popular approach to tackle this task. Owing to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Zhouyu Jiang , Mengshu Sun , Lei Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang

Existing approaches for open-domain question answering (QA) are typically designed for questions that require either single-hop or multi-hop reasoning, which make strong assumptions of the complexity of questions to be answered. Also,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ping Nie , Yuyu Zhang , Arun Ramamurthy , Le Song

Answering complex real-world questions requires step-by-step retrieval and integration of relevant information to generate well-grounded responses. However, existing knowledge distillation methods overlook the need for different reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Kyumin Lee , Minjin Jeon , Sanghwan Jang , Hwanjo Yu

Multi-hop question answering (MHQA) involves reasoning across multiple documents to answer complex questions. Dense retrievers typically outperform sparse methods like BM25 by leveraging semantic embeddings; however, they require labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Dosung Lee , Wonjun Oh , Boyoung Kim , Minyoung Kim , Joonsuk Park , Paul Hongsuck Seo

Decomposition-based multi-hop retrieval methods rely on many autoregressive steps to break down complex queries, which breaks end-to-end differentiability and is computationally expensive. Decomposition-free methods tackle this, but current…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Justus-Jonas Erker , Nils Reimers , Iryna Gurevych

Explainable multi-hop question answering (QA) not only predicts answers but also identifies rationales, i. e. subsets of input sentences used to derive the answers. This problem has been extensively studied under the supervised setting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Wenting Zhao , Justin T. Chiu , Claire Cardie , Alexander M. Rush
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