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Visual tokenization remains a core challenge in unifying visual understanding and generation within the autoregressive paradigm. Existing methods typically employ tokenizers in discrete latent spaces to align with the tokens from large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ziyuan Huang , DanDan Zheng , Cheng Zou , Rui Liu , Xiaolong Wang , Kaixiang Ji , Weilong Chai , Jianxin Sun , Libin Wang , Yongjie Lv , Taozhi Huang , Jiajia Liu , Qingpei Guo , Ming Yang , Jingdong Chen , Jun Zhou

Building a unified visual tokenizer is essential for bridging the gap between visual understanding and generation. Yet existing approaches struggle with the inherent conflict between these tasks, as a single token space is forced to support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yiwei Guo , Shaobin Zhuang , Zhipeng Huang , Canmiao Fu , Chen Li , Jing Lyu , Yali Wang

Unified Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) require a visual representation that simultaneously supports high-fidelity reconstruction, complex semantic extraction, and generative suitability. However, existing visual tokenizers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Shaobin Zhuang , Yuang Ai , Jiaming Han , Weijia Mao , Xiaohui Li , Fangyikang Wang , Xiao Wang , Yan Li , Shanchuan Lin , Kun Xu , Zhenheng Yang , Huaibo Huang , Xiangyu Yue , Hao Chen , Yali Wang

The differing representation spaces required for visual understanding and generation pose a challenge in unifying them within the autoregressive paradigm of large language models. A vision tokenizer trained for reconstruction excels at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wei Song , Yuran Wang , Zijia Song , Yadong Li , Zenan Zhou , Long Chen , Jianhua Xu , Jiaqi Wang , Kaicheng Yu

We introduce UniToken, an auto-regressive generation model that encodes visual inputs through a combination of discrete and continuous representations, enabling seamless integration of unified visual understanding and image generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yang Jiao , Haibo Qiu , Zequn Jie , Shaoxiang Chen , Jingjing Chen , Lin Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

The development of unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is fundamentally challenged by the granularity gap between visual understanding and generation: understanding requires high-level semantic abstractions, while image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Li , Ning Liao , Xiangyu Zhao , Shaofeng Zhang , Xiaoxing Wang , Yifan Yang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

Tokenizer is a crucial component for both visual understanding and generation. To advance toward the ultimate goal of universal modeling, recent research has focused on developing a unified tokenizer. However, existing tokenizers face a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhengrong Yue , Haiyu Zhang , Xiangyu Zeng , Boyu Chen , Chenting Wang , Shaobin Zhuang , Lu Dong , Yi Wang , Limin Wang , Yali Wang

We present TokenFlow, a novel unified image tokenizer that bridges the long-standing gap between multimodal understanding and generation. Prior research attempt to employ a single reconstruction-targeted Vector Quantization (VQ) encoder for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Liao Qu , Huichao Zhang , Yiheng Liu , Xu Wang , Yi Jiang , Yiming Gao , Hu Ye , Daniel K. Du , Zehuan Yuan , Xinglong Wu

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

Visual tokenizer is a critical component for vision generation. However, the existing tokenizers often face unsatisfactory trade-off between compression ratios and reconstruction fidelity. To fill this gap, we introduce a powerful and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shaobin Zhuang , Yiwei Guo , Canmiao Fu , Zhipeng Huang , Zeyue Tian , Xiaohui Li , Fangyikang Wang , Ying Zhang , Chen Li , Yali Wang

In this paper, we introduce SemHiTok, a unified image Tokenizer via Semantic-Guided Hierarchical codebook that provides consistent discrete representations for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, unified image tokenizers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zisheng Chen , Chunwei Wang , Runhui Huang , Hongbin Xu , Xiuwei Chen , Jun Zhou , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

This work presents VTok, a unified video tokenization framework that can be used for both generation and understanding tasks. Unlike the leading vision-language systems that tokenize videos through a naive frame-sampling strategy, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Feng Wang , Yichun Shi , Ceyuan Yang , Qiushan Guo , Jingxiang Sun , Alan Yuille , Peng Wang

Existing state-of-the-art image tokenization methods leverage diverse semantic features from pre-trained vision models for additional supervision, to expand the distribution of latent representations and thereby improve the quality of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Xuan Zhao , Zhongyu Zhang , Yuge Huang , Yuxi Mi , Guodong Mu , Shouhong Ding , Jun Wang , Rizen Guo , Shuigeng Zhou

In this work, we present HieraTok, a novel multi-scale Vision Transformer (ViT)-based tokenizer that overcomes the inherent limitation of modeling single-scale representations. This is realized through two key designs: (1) multi-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cong Chen , Ziyuan Huang , Cheng Zou , Muzhi Zhu , Kaixiang Ji , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Text and faces are among the most perceptually salient and practically important patterns in visual generation, yet they remain challenging for autoregressive generators built on discrete tokenization. A central bottleneck is the tokenizer:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yang Yue , Fangyun Wei , Tianyu He , Jinjing Zhao , Zanlin Ni , Zeyu Liu , Jiayi Guo , Lei Shi , Yue Dong , Li Chen , Ji Li , Gao Huang , Dong Chen

Visual tokenization via auto-encoding empowers state-of-the-art image and video generative models by compressing pixels into a latent space. Although scaling Transformer-based generators has been central to recent advances, the tokenizer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Philippe Hansen-Estruch , David Yan , Ching-Yao Chung , Orr Zohar , Jialiang Wang , Tingbo Hou , Tao Xu , Sriram Vishwanath , Peter Vajda , Xinlei Chen

We present AToken, the first unified visual tokenizer that achieves both high-fidelity reconstruction and semantic understanding across images, videos, and 3D assets. Unlike existing tokenizers that specialize in either reconstruction or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jiasen Lu , Liangchen Song , Mingze Xu , Byeongjoo Ahn , Yanjun Wang , Chen Chen , Afshin Dehghan , Yinfei Yang

Unifying multimodal understanding, generation and reconstruction representation in a single tokenizer remains a key challenge in building unified models. Previous research predominantly attempts to address this in a dual encoder paradigm,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sinan Du , Jiahao Guo , Bo Li , Shuhao Cui , Zhengzhuo Xu , Yifu Luo , Yongxian Wei , Kun Gai , Xinggang Wang , Kai Wu , Chun Yuan

This paper presents a multimodal framework that attempts to unify visual understanding and generation within a shared discrete semantic representation. At its core is the Text-Aligned Tokenizer (TA-Tok), which converts images into discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Han , Hao Chen , Yang Zhao , Hanyu Wang , Qi Zhao , Ziyan Yang , Hao He , Xiangyu Yue , Lu Jiang

Generative modeling has recently achieved remarkable success across text, image, and audio domains, demonstrating powerful capabilities for unified representation learning. However, audio generation models still face challenges in terms of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chengwei Liu , Haoyin Yan , Shaofei Xue , Xiaotao Liang , Yinghao Liu , Zheng Xue , Gang Song , Boyang Zhou
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