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Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to transform our lives and work through the content they generate, known as AI-Generated Content (AIGC). To harness this transformation, we need to understand the limitations of LLMs. Here, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xiao Fang , Shangkun Che , Minjia Mao , Hongzhe Zhang , Ming Zhao , Xiaohang Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their impressive capabilities, often fail to accurately repeat a single word when prompted to, and instead output unrelated text. This unexplained failure mode represents a vulnerability, allowing even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Itay Yona , Ilia Shumailov , Jamie Hayes , Federico Barbero , Yossi Gandelsman

In the post-Turing era, evaluating large language models (LLMs) involves assessing generated text based on readers' reactions rather than merely its indistinguishability from human-produced content. This paper explores how LLM-generated…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Takehiro Takayanagi , Hiroya Takamura , Kiyoshi Izumi , Chung-Chi Chen

By leveraging the retrieval of information from external knowledge databases, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit enhanced capabilities for accomplishing many knowledge-intensive tasks. However, due to the inherent flaws of current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Siye Wu , Jian Xie , Jiangjie Chen , Tinghui Zhu , Kai Zhang , Yanghua Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are able to provide assistance on a wide range of information-seeking tasks. However, model outputs may be misleading, whether unintentionally or in cases of intentional deception. We investigate the ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Betty Li Hou , Kejian Shi , Jason Phang , James Aung , Steven Adler , Rosie Campbell

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to process long contexts, yet a notable gap remains in generating long, aligned outputs. This limitation stems from a training gap where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Shanghaoran Quan , Tianyi Tang , Bowen Yu , An Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Bofei Gao , Jianhong Tu , Yichang Zhang , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Model collapse, a phenomenon characterized by performance degradation due to iterative training on synthetic data, has been widely studied. However, its implications for bias amplification, the progressive intensification of pre-existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Ze Wang , Zekun Wu , Jeremy Zhang , Xin Guan , Navya Jain , Skylar Lu , Saloni Gupta , Adriano Koshiyama

In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the potential misuse of modern Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating credible-sounding misinformation and its subsequent impact on information-intensive applications, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Yikang Pan , Liangming Pan , Wenhu Chen , Preslav Nakov , Min-Yen Kan , William Yang Wang

The ubiquity of multimedia content is reshaping online information spaces, particularly in social media environments. At the same time, search is being rapidly transformed by generative AI, with large language models (LLMs) routinely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Anders Giovanni Møller , Elisa Bassignana , Francesco Pierri , Luca Maria Aiello

This paper explores the assumption that Large Language Models (LLMs) skilled in generation tasks are equally adept as evaluators. We assess the performance of three LLMs and one open-source LM in Question-Answering (QA) and evaluation tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Juhyun Oh , Eunsu Kim , Inha Cha , Alice Oh

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to acquire sequence-level planning abilities during training, yet their planning behavior exhibited at inference time often appears short-sighted and inconsistent with these capabilities. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haijiang Yan , Jian-Qiao Zhu , Adam Sanborn

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed as interfaces to information on online platforms. These agents filter, prioritize, and synthesize information retrieved from the platforms' back-end databases or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mohammad Aflah Khan , Mahsa Amani , Soumi Das , Bishwamittra Ghosh , Qinyuan Wu , Krishna P. Gummadi , Manish Gupta , Abhilasha Ravichander

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have facilitated autonomous AI agents capable of imitating human-generated content, raising fundamental questions about how AI may reshape democratic information environments such as news.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Emil Bakkensen Johansen , Oliver Baumann

Generative AI models differ from traditional machine learning tools in that they allow users to provide as much or as little information as they choose in their inputs. This flexibility often leads users to omit certain details, relying on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Charlotte Park , Kate Donahue , Manish Raghavan

Multilingual generation with large language models (LLMs) is often of poor quality for mid- to low-resource languages, but the causes for this are not well-understood. We first demonstrate the existence of an implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Niyati Bafna , Tianjian Li , Kenton Murray , David R. Mortensen , David Yarowsky , Hale Sirin , Daniel Khashabi

Breakthroughs in deep learning and memory networks have made major advances in natural language understanding. Language is sequential and information carried through the sequence can be captured through memory networks. Learning the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Anupiya Nugaliyadde

Recent research on large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to understand and employ deceptive behavior, even without explicit prompting. However, such behavior has only been observed in rare, specialized cases and has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Laurène Vaugrante , Francesca Carlon , Maluna Menke , Thilo Hagendorff

The opacity in developing large language models (LLMs) is raising growing concerns about the potential contamination of public benchmarks in the pre-training data. Existing contamination detection methods are typically based on the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Feng Yao , Yufan Zhuang , Zihao Sun , Sunan Xu , Animesh Kumar , Jingbo Shang

The effect of large language models (LLMs) in education is debated: Previous research shows that LLMs can help as well as hurt learning. In two pre-registered and incentivized laboratory experiments, we find no effect of LLMs on overall…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Matthias Lehmann , Philipp B. Cornelius , Fabian J. Sting

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly optimized for long reasoning, under the assumption that more reasoning leads to better performance. However, emerging evidence suggests that longer responses can sometimes degrade accuracy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jinyan Su , Jennifer Healey , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie