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The retrieval model is an indispensable component for real-world knowledge-intensive tasks, e.g., open-domain question answering (ODQA). As separate retrieval skills are annotated for different datasets, recent work focuses on customized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Kaixin Ma , Hao Cheng , Yu Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Eric Nyberg , Jianfeng Gao

Given a semi-structured knowledge base (SKB), where text documents are interconnected by relations, how can we effectively retrieve relevant information to answer user questions? Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) retrieves documents to…

Generative Retrieval (GR), autoregressively decoding relevant document identifiers given a query, has been shown to perform well under the setting of small-scale corpora. By memorizing the document corpus with model parameters, GR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Shaoxiong Feng , Boyuan Pan , Yiwei Li , Heda Wang , Xupeng Miao , Kan Li

Retrieval-augmented generation is increasingly used for financial question answering over long regulatory filings, yet reliability depends on retrieving the exact context needed to justify answers in high stakes settings. We study a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Amine Kobeissi , Philippe Langlais

Benchmarking the performance of information retrieval (IR) is mostly conducted with a fixed set of documents (static corpora). However, in realistic scenarios, this is rarely the case and the documents to be retrieved are constantly updated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chaeeun Kim , Soyoung Yoon , Hyunji Lee , Joel Jang , Sohee Yang , Minjoon Seo

Ranking models play a crucial role in enhancing overall accuracy of text retrieval systems. These multi-stage systems typically utilize either dense embedding models or sparse lexical indices to retrieve relevant passages based on a given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Gabriel de Souza P. Moreira , Ronay Ak , Benedikt Schifferer , Mengyao Xu , Radek Osmulski , Even Oldridge

Large language models are powerful text processors and reasoners, but are still subject to limitations including outdated knowledge and hallucinations, which necessitates connecting them to the world. Retrieval-augmented large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

The pre-trained language model (eg, BERT) based deep retrieval models achieved superior performance over lexical retrieval models (eg, BM25) in many passage retrieval tasks. However, limited work has been done to generalize a deep retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Tao Chen , Mingyang Zhang , Jing Lu , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

Legal passage retrieval is an important task that assists legal practitioners in the time-intensive process of finding relevant precedents to support legal arguments. This study investigates the task of retrieving legal passages or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Larissa Mori , Carlos Sousa de Oliveira , Yuehwern Yih , Mario Ventresca

Dense Retrieval (DR) models have proven to be effective for Document Retrieval and Information Grounding tasks. Usually, these models are trained and optimized for improving the relevance of top-ranked documents for a given query. Previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Stefano Campese , Alessandro Moschitti , Ivano Lauriola

Generative information retrieval (GenIR) is a promising neural retrieval paradigm that formulates document retrieval as a document identifier (docid) generation task, allowing for end-to-end optimization toward a unified global retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kidist Amde Mekonnen , Yubao Tang , Maarten de Rijke

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant performance gaps when applied to technical domains requiring precise information extraction from complex documents. Current evaluation methodologies relying on document-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shashank Kumar

Generative retrieval generates identifiers of relevant documents in an end-to-end manner using a sequence-to-sequence architecture for a given query. The relation between generative retrieval and other retrieval methods, especially those…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Shiguang Wu , Wenda Wei , Mengqi Zhang , Zhumin Chen , Jun Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Pengjie Ren

Recent advancements in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have significantly enhanced the ability of large language models (LLMs) to perform complex question-answering (QA) tasks. In this paper, we introduce MedBioRAG, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Seonok Kim

In the rapidly changing world of smart technology, searching for documents has become more challenging due to the rise of advanced language models. These models sometimes face difficulties, like providing inaccurate information, commonly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Julien Pierre Edmond Ghali , Kosuke Shima , Koichi Moriyama , Atsuko Mutoh , Nobuhiro Inuzuka

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

This study develops a question-answering system based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) using Chinese Wikipedia and Lawbank as retrieval sources. Using TTQA and TMMLU+ as evaluation datasets, the system employs BGE-M3 for dense vector…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Te-Lun Yang , Jyi-Shane Liu , Yuen-Hsien Tseng , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang

Open-domain question answering relies on efficient passage retrieval to select candidate contexts, where traditional sparse vector space models, such as TF-IDF or BM25, are the de facto method. In this work, we show that retrieval can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Vladimir Karpukhin , Barlas Oğuz , Sewon Min , Patrick Lewis , Ledell Wu , Sergey Edunov , Danqi Chen , Wen-tau Yih

To date, most of recent work under the retrieval-reader framework for open-domain QA focuses on either extractive or generative reader exclusively. In this paper, we study a hybrid approach for leveraging the strengths of both models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Hao Cheng , Yelong Shen , Xiaodong Liu , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Jianfeng Gao

Open-domain question answering (ODQA) has emerged as a pivotal research spotlight in information systems. Existing methods follow two main paradigms to collect evidence: (1) The \textit{retrieve-then-read} paradigm retrieves pertinent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Hongda Sun , Yuxuan Liu , Chengwei Wu , Haiyu Yan , Cheng Tai , Xin Gao , Shuo Shang , Rui Yan