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Modern general-purpose accelerators integrate a large number of programmable area- and energy-efficient processing elements (PEs), to deliver high performance while meeting stringent power delivery and thermal dissipation constraints. In…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luca Colagrande , Jayanth Jonnalagadda , Luca Benini

The open-source RISC-V ISA is gaining traction, both in industry and academia. The ISA is designed to scale from micro-controllers to server-class processors. Furthermore, openness promotes the availability of various open-source and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Florian Zaruba , Luca Benini

The real-time performance of recommender models depends on the continuous integration of massive volumes of new user interaction data into training pipelines. While GPUs have scaled model training throughput, the data preprocessing stage -…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yu Zhu , Wenqi Jiang , Piyumi Jasin Pathiranage , Yongjun He , Gustavo Alonso

FPGA is appropriate for fix-point neural networks computing due to high power efficiency and configurability. However, its design must be intensively refined to achieve high performance using limited hardware resources. We present an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Qingyang Yi , Heming Sun , Masahiro Fujita

The Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) defines processor operations and serves as the interface between hardware and software. As an open ISA, RISC-V lowers the barriers to processor design and encourages widespread adoption, but also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hao Lyu , Jingzheng Wu , Xiang Ling , Yicheng Zhong , Zhiyuan Li , Tianyue Luo

Progress in quantum computing hardware raises questions about how these devices can be controlled, programmed, and integrated with existing computational workflows. We briefly describe several prominent quantum computational models, their…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Keith A. Britt , Travis S. Humble

Threats associated with the untrusted fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs) are numerous: piracy, overproduction, reverse engineering, hardware trojans, etc. The use of reconfigurable elements (i.e., look-up tables as in FPGAs) is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Zain Ul Abideen , Tiago Diadami Perez , Samuel Pagliarini

High Performance and Energy Efficiency are critical requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) end-nodes. Exploiting tightly-coupled clusters of programmable processors (CMPs) has recently emerged as a suitable solution to address this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jie Chen , Igor Loi , Eric Flamand , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Now a days, power has become a primary consideration in hardware design, and is critical in computer systems especially for portable devices with high performance and more functionality. Clock-gating is the most common technique used for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2010-09-10 M. Kamaraju , K. Lal Kishore , A. V. N. Tilak

This paper introduces BASIC_RV32s, an open-source framework providing a practical microarchitectural roadmap for the RISC-V RV32I architecture, addressing the gap between theoretical knowledge and hardware implementation. Following the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hyun Woo Kang , Ji Woong Choi

Low bit-width Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) enable deployment of complex machine learning models on constrained devices such as microcontrollers (MCUs) by reducing their memory footprint. Fine-grained asymmetric quantization (i.e.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Gianmarco Ottavi , Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Real-time embedded platforms with resource constraints can take the benefits of mixed-criticality system where applications with different criticality-level share computational resources, with isolation in the temporal and spatial domain. A…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-31 Shibarchi Majumder , Jens Frederik Dalsgaard Nielsen , Thomas Bak

ASIPs are designed in order to execute instructions of a particular domain of applications. The designing of ASIPs addresses the major challenges faced by a system on chip such as size, cost, performance and energy consumption. The higher…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-12-25 T. M. R. L. B. Abeysinghe , N. Hassan , R. G. Ragel

While Transformers are dominated by Floating-Point (FP) Matrix-Multiplications, their aggressive acceleration through dedicated hardware or many-core programmable systems has shifted the performance bottleneck to non-linear functions like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Run Wang , Gamze Islamoglu , Andrea Belano , Viviane Potocnik , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

With the development of large-scale integrated circuits, electronic design automation~(EDA) tools are increasingly emphasizing efficiency, with parallel algorithms becoming a trend. The optimization of delay reduction is a crucial factor…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ye Cai , Zonglin Yang , Liwei Ni , Biwei Xie , Xingquan Li

In the last decade, we have witnessed exponential growth in the complexity of control systems for safety-critical applications (automotive, robots, industrial automation) and their transition to heterogeneous mixed-criticality systems…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Michael Rogenmoser , Alessandro Ottaviano , Thomas Benz , Robert Balas , Matteo Perotti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Gaussian processes are widely used in machine learning domains but remain computationally demanding, limiting their efficient scalability across emerging hardware platforms. The GPRat library addresses these challenges using the HPX…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Alexander Strack , Patrick Diehl , Dirk Pflüger

Owing to the failure of Dennard's scaling the last decade has seen a steep growth of prominent new paradigms leveraging opportunities in computer architecture. Two technologies of interest are Posit and RISC-V. Posit was introduced in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Sugandha Tiwari , Neel Gala , Chester Rebeiro , V. Kamakoti

Processors using the open RISC-V ISA are finding increasing adoption in the embedded world. Many embedded use cases have real-time constraints and require flexible, predictable, and fast reactive handling of incoming events. However, RISC-…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Robert Balas , Alessandro Ottaviano , Luca Benini

In the field of cryptography till date the 1-byte in 1-clock is the best known RC4 hardware design [1], while the 1-byte in 3clocks is the best known implementation [2,3]. The design algorithm in [1] considers two consecutive bytes together…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-07-30 Rourab Paul , Sangeet Saha , Jkm Sadique Uz Zaman , Suman Das , Amlan Chakrabarti , Ranjan Ghosh