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We extend the canonical Gibbs distribution, originally formulated for systems at equilibrium, to systems driven out of equilibrium. The stochastic dynamics of a small system are described by a probability distribution over discrete energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Jean-Luc Garden

Fluctuation relations for the entropy production in non equilibrium stationary states of Ising models are investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. Systems in contact with heat baths at two different temperatures or subject to external…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Piscitelli , F. Corberi , G. Gonnella , A. Pelizzola

The past twenty years have seen a resurgence of interest in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, thanks to advances in the theory of stochastic processes and in their thermodynamic interpretation. Fluctuation theorems provide fundamental…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-16 Robert Marsland , Jeremy England

It is known that the equilibrium properties of open classical systems that are strongly coupled to a heat bath are described by a set of thermodynamic potentials related to the system's Hamiltonian of mean force. By adapting this framework…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-28 Harry J. D. Miller , Janet Anders

We derive a Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation bounding the mean squared displacement of a Gaussian process with memory, driven out of equilibrium by unbalanced thermal baths and/or by external forces. Our bound is tighter with respect to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-23 Andrea Plati , Andrea Puglisi , Alessandro Sarracino

Based on the Fokker-Planck and the entropy balance equations we have studied the relaxation of a dissipative dynamical system driven by external Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise processes in absence and presence of nonequilibrium constraint in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Bidhan Chandra Bag

We formulate exact generalized nonequilibrium fluctuation relations for the quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator coupled to multiple harmonic baths. Each of the different baths is prepared in its own individual (in general nonthermal)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 D. Pagel , P. Nalbach , A. Alvermann , H. Fehske , M. Thorwart

We consider non-equilibrium evolution of non-Gaussian fluctuations within relativistic hydrodynamics relevant for the QCD critical point search in heavy-ion collision experiments. We rely on the hierarchy of relaxation time scales, which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-27 Xin An , Gokce Basar , Mikhail Stephanov , Ho-Ung Yee

Small nonequilibrium systems in contact with a heat bath can be analyzed with the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. In such systems, fluctuations, which are not negligible, follow universal relations such as the fluctuation theorem.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-29 Andre C Barato , Raphael Chetrite , Alessandra Faggionato , Davide Gabrielli

In the context of the dynamical evolution in a non-stationary thermal bath, we construct a family of fluctuation relations for the entropy production that are not verified by the work performed on the system. We exhibit fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-29 Raphael Chetrite

We revisit the model of a Brownian particle in a heat bath submitted to an actively controlled force proportional to the velocity that leads to thermal noise reduction (cold damping). We investigate the influence of the continuous feedback…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 T. Munakata , M. L. Rosinberg

The presence of multiplicative noise can alter measurements of forces acting on nanoscopic objects. Taking into account of multiplicative noise, we derive a series of non-equilibrium thermodynamical equalities as generalization of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-18 Ying Tang , Ruoshi Yuan , Ping Ao

We present a theory of finite-frequency noise in non-equilibrium conductors. It is shown that Non-Markovian correlations are essential to describe the physics of quantum noise. In particular, we show the importance of a correct treatment of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-04-01 D. Marcos , C. Emary , T. Brandes , R. Aguado

In the last ten years, a number of ``Conventional Fluctuation Theorems'' have been derived for systems with deterministic or stochastic dynamics, in a transient or in a non-equilibrium stationary state. These theorems gave explicit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. van Zon , E. G. D. Cohen

A positive rate of entropy production at steady state is a distinctive feature of truly non-equilibrium processes. Exact results, while being often limited to simple models, offer a unique opportunity to explore the thermodynamic features…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-29 Henry Alston , Luca Cocconi , Thibault Bertrand

Quantum systems are unavoidably open to their surrounding degrees of freedom. The theory of open quantum systems is thus crucial to understanding the fluctuations, dissipation, and decoherence of a quantum system of interest. Typically, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Ken Funo , Akihito Ishizaki

Active matter systems are driven out of thermal equilibrium by a lack of generalized Stokes-Einstein relation between injection and dissipation of energy at the microscopic scale. We consider such a system of interacting particles,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-07-20 Étienne Fodor , Cesare Nardini , Mike E. Cates , Julien Tailleur , Paolo Visco , Frédéric van Wijland

Entropy production is arguably the most universally applicable measure of non-equilibrium behavior, particularly for systems coupled to a heat bath. This setting encompasses driven soft matter as well as biomolecular, biochemical, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-09 Udo Seifert

We study fluctuations of the empirical processes of a non-equilibrium interacting particle system consisting of two species over a domain that is recently introduced in [8] and establish its functional central limit theorem. This…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Zhen-Qing Chen , Wai-Tong Louis Fan

In thermodynamic equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem links thermal fluctuations and dissipation. Biological systems, however, are driven out of equilibrium by internal processes that produce additional, active fluctuations.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-29 Ashot Matevosyan , Frank Jülicher , Ricard Alert