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Hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) has been significantly advanced by deep learning methods that exploit rich spatial-spectral correlations. However, existing approaches still face fundamental limitations: transformer-based models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Muhammad Ahmad

While most time series are non-stationary, it is inevitable for models to face the distribution shift issue in time series forecasting. Existing solutions manipulate statistical measures (usually mean and std.) to adjust time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Wei Fan , Kun Yi , Hangting Ye , Zhiyuan Ning , Qi Zhang , Ning An

Forecasting long-term time series in IoT environments remains a significant challenge due to the non-stationary and multi-scale characteristics of sensor signals. Furthermore, error accumulation causes a decrease in forecast quality when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Qianyang Li , Xingjun Zhang , Peng Tao , Shaoxun Wang , Yancheng Pan , Jia Wei

This paper introduces SparseTSF, a novel, extremely lightweight model for Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), designed to address the challenges of modeling complex temporal dependencies over extended horizons with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Shengsheng Lin , Weiwei Lin , Wentai Wu , Haojun Chen , Junjie Yang

This paper introduces FANTF (Fuzzy Attention Network-Based Transformers), a novel approach that integrates fuzzy logic with existing transformer architectures to advance time series forecasting, classification, and anomaly detection tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Sanjay Chakraborty , Fredrik Heintz

Multivariate time series forecasting with hierarchical structure is widely used in real-world applications, e.g., sales predictions for the geographical hierarchy formed by cities, states, and countries. The hierarchical time series (HTS)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Fan Zhou , Chen Pan , Lintao Ma , Yu Liu , Shiyu Wang , James Zhang , Xinxin Zhu , Xuanwei Hu , Yunhua Hu , Yangfei Zheng , Lei Lei , Yun Hu

The challenge of effectively learning inter-series correlations for multivariate time series forecasting remains a substantial and unresolved problem. Traditional deep learning models, which are largely dependent on the Transformer paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Wanlin Cai , Kun Wang , Hao Wu , Xiaoxu Chen , Yuankai Wu

Time series forecasting requires architectures that simultaneously achieve three competing objectives: (1) strict temporal causality for reliable predictions, (2) sub-quadratic complexity for practical scalability, and (3) multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qianru Zhang , Honggang Wen , Ming Li , Dong Huang , Siu-Ming Yiu , Christian S. Jensen , Pietro Liò

Adapting vision transformer foundation models through parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods has become increasingly popular. These methods optimize a limited subset of parameters, enabling efficient adaptation without the need to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Son Thai Ly , Hien V. Nguyen

RNN-based methods have faced challenges in the Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF) domain when dealing with excessively long look-back windows and forecast horizons. Consequently, the dominance in this domain has shifted towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Shengsheng Lin , Weiwei Lin , Wentai Wu , Feiyu Zhao , Ruichao Mo , Haotong Zhang

Transformer-based methods have achieved impressive results in time series forecasting. However, existing Transformers still exhibit limitations in sequence modeling as they tend to overemphasize temporal dependencies. This incurs additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tan Wang , Yun Wei Dong , Qi Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has recently emerged as a promising approach for improving time series forecasting (TSF) under distribution shift. Existing TSF-TTA methods differ in how they utilize revealed targets, yet the resulting adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haochun Wang , Ruichen Xu , Georgios Kementzidis , Karen Cho , Sebastian Ramirez Villarreal , Yuefan Deng

Time series forecasting faces two important but often overlooked challenges. Firstly, the inherent random noise in the time series labels sets a theoretical lower bound for the forecasting error, which is positively correlated with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Tianyi Shi , Zhu Meng , Yue Chen , Siyang Zheng , Fei Su , Jin Huang , Changrui Ren , Zhicheng Zhao

Transformers have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in forecasting time series data. However, their extensive dependence on self-attention mechanisms demands significant computational resources, thereby limiting their practical applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Cat P. Le , Chris Cannella , Ali Hasan , Yuting Ng , Vahid Tarokh

Currently, iTransformer is one of the most popular and effective models for multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting. Thanks to its inverted framework, iTransformer effectively captures multivariate correlation. However, the inverted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Hongming Tan , Ting Chen , Ruochong Jin , Wai Kin Chan

Forecasting multivariate time series remains challenging due to complex cross-variable dependencies and the presence of heterogeneous external influences. This paper presents Spectrogram-Enhanced Multimodal Fusion (SEMF), which combines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Soyeon Park , Doohee Chung , Charmgil Hong

The effectiveness of Spatio-temporal Graph Neural Networks (STGNNs) in time-series applications is often limited by their dependence on fixed, hand-crafted input graph structures. Motivated by insights from the Topological Data Analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Viet The Nguyen , Duy Anh Pham , An Thai Le , Jans Peter , Gunther Gust

Recent lightweight MLP-based models have achieved strong performance in time series forecasting by capturing stable trends and seasonal patterns. However, their effectiveness hinges on an implicit assumption of local stationarity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhiyu Chen , Minhao Liu , Yanru Zhang

Current approaches for time series forecasting, whether in the time or frequency domain, predominantly use deep learning models based on linear layers or transformers. They often encode time series data in a black-box manner and rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Cheng He , Xijie Liang , Zengrong Zheng , Patrick P. C. Lee , Xu Huang , Zhaoyi Li , Hong Xie , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) plays a vital role in a wide range of real-world applications, such as weather prediction and traffic flow forecasting. Although recent advances have significantly improved the modeling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Beiliang Wu , Peiyuan Liu , Yifan Hu , Luyan Zhang , Ao Hu , Zenglin Xu