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Federated learning (FL) addresses privacy concerns in training language models by enabling multiple clients to contribute to the training, without sending their data to others. However, non-IID (identically and independently distributed)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jong-Ik Park , Carlee Joe-Wong

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Federated Learning (FL) has recently been applied to the parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). While promising, it raises significant challenges due to the heterogeneous resources and data distributions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiamu Bai , Daoyuan Chen , Bingchen Qian , Liuyi Yao , Yaliang Li

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning method that can be applied in mobile edge systems, in which a server and a host of clients collaboratively train a statistical model utilizing the data and computation resources of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Howard H. Yang , Zuozhu Liu , Yaru Fu , Tony Q. S. Quek , H. Vincent Poor

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training across multiple clients while optionally preserving data privacy. However, communication efficiency remains a critical bottleneck, particularly for large-scale models. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arnaud Descours , Léonard Deroose , Jan Ramon

Federated learning (FL) is a heavily promoted approach for training ML models on sensitive data, e.g., text typed by users on their smartphones. FL is expressly designed for training on data that are unbalanced and non-iid across the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Tao Yu , Eugene Bagdasaryan , Vitaly Shmatikov

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its stability is fundamentally challenged by statistical heterogeneity in realistic deployments. Here, we show that client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ping Luo , Jiahuan Wang , Ziqing Wen , Tao Sun , Dongsheng Li

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients cooperatively train models without disclosing local data. However, the existing works fail to address all these practical concerns in FL: limited communication resources, dynamic network…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Zhida Jiang , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Zhiyuan Wang , Chen Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming the landscape of mobile intelligence. Federated Learning (FL), a method to preserve user data privacy, is often employed in fine-tuning LLMs to downstream mobile tasks, an approach known as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mengwei Xu , Dongqi Cai , Yaozong Wu , Xiang Li , Shangguang Wang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging learning paradigm to tackle massively distributed data. In Federated Learning, a set of clients jointly perform a machine learning task under the coordination of a server. The FedAvg algorithm is one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Junyi Li , Feihu Huang , Heng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained prominence in the field of Legal Intelligence, offering potential applications in assisting legal professionals and laymen. However, the centralized training of these Legal LLMs raises data privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Linan Yue , Qi Liu , Yichao Du , Weibo Gao , Ye Liu , Fangzhou Yao

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients without sharing local data, but is challenged by heterogeneity in data, computation, and communication. Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs), with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Yuguang Zhang , Kuangpu Guo , Zhihe Lu , Yunbo Wang , Jian Liang

Federated Learning (FL) with pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has emerged as a promising paradigm for various downstream tasks. By leveraging its strong representations, recent studies improve task adaptation under insufficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuting Ma , Lechao Cheng , Xiaohua Xu

Federated Prompt Learning (FPL) incorporates large pre-trained Vision-Language models (VLM) into federated learning through prompt tuning. The transferable representations and remarkable generalization capacity of VLM make them highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Tianyu Cui , Hongxia Li , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi

Traditional machine learning techniques require centralizing all training data on one server or data hub. Due to the development of communication technologies and a huge amount of decentralized data on many clients, collaborative machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Halyun Jeong , Deanna Needell , Jing Qin

Federated learning enables a population of clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without exchanging their raw data, but standard algorithms such as FedAvg suffer from slow convergence and high communication and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yutong He , Zhengyang Huang , Jiahe Geng

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm in machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across decentralized devices without the need for raw data sharing. In FL, a global model is trained iteratively on local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kanishka Ranaweera , Azadeh Ghari Neiat , Xiao Liu , Bipasha Kashyap , Pubudu N. Pathirana

Data privacy and long-tailed distribution are the norms rather than the exception in many real-world tasks. This paper investigates a federated long-tailed learning (Fed-LT) task in which each client holds a locally heterogeneous dataset;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zikai Xiao , Zihan Chen , Songshang Liu , Hualiang Wang , Yang Feng , Jin Hao , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Jian Wu , Howard Hao Yang , Zuozhu Liu

Combining different data modalities enables deep neural networks to tackle complex tasks more effectively, making multimodal learning increasingly popular. To harness multimodal data closer to end users, it is essential to integrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ye Lin Tun , Chu Myaet Thwal , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements, demonstrating powerful capabilities in processing and understanding multimodal data. Fine-tuning MLLMs with Federated Learning (FL) allows for expanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Binqian Xu , Xiangbo Shu , Haiyang Mei , Guosen Xie , Basura Fernando , Jinhui Tang