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Reconfigurable antenna systems (RASs), such as fluid antennas and movable antennas, are poised to play a pivotal role in sixth-generation (6G) systems by dynamically adapting the antenna elements for system performance enhancement. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Chen Xu , Xianghao Yu

Fluid Antenna Systems (FAS) introduce a new degree of freedom for wireless networks by enabling the physical antenna position to adapt dynamically to changing radio conditions. While existing studies primarily emphasize physical-layer…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ian F. Akyildiz , Tuğçe Bilen

Beampattern synthesis seeks to optimize array weights to shape radiation patterns, playing a critical role in various wireless applications. In addition to theoretical advancements, recent hardware innovations have facilitated new avenues…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-07 Pinjun Zheng , Md. Jahangir Hossain , Anas Chaaban

Metasurface-based fluid antenna systems (FASs) have been recently proposed as an inexpensive, scalable and practical alternative implementation for the fluid-antenna concept. This work thoroughly evaluates the performance of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Pablo Ramírez-Espinosa , F. Javier López-Martínez , David Morales-Jiménez

Reconfigurable antennas (RAs), capable of dynamically adapting their radiation patterns, polarization states, and operating frequencies, have emerged as a promising technology to meet the stringent performance requirements of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Mengzhen Liu , Ming Li , Rang Liu , Qian Liu , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Fluid antenna system (FAS) is emerging as a key technology for enhancing spatial flexibility and sensing accuracy in future wireless systems. This paper investigates an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled FAS for multi-target wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xuhui Zhang , Wenchao Liu , Chunjie Wang , Jinke Ren , Huijun Xing , Shuqiang Wang , Yanyan Shen

The fluid antenna concept represents shape-flexible and position-flexible antenna technologies designed to enhance wireless communication applications. In this paper, we apply this concept to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Abdelhamid Salem , Kai-Kit Wong , George Alexandropoulos , Chan-Byoung Chae , Ross Murch

With the development of the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, there is a pressing need for innovative technologies capable of satisfying heightened performance indicators. Fluid antenna system (FAS) is proposed recently as a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Yuqi Ye , Li You , Hao Xu , Ahmed Elzanaty , Kai-Kit Wong , Xiqi Gao

Recent advances in reconfigurable antennas have led to the new concept of the fluid antenna system (FAS) for shape and position flexibility, as another degree of freedom for wireless communication enhancement. This paper explores the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Jiangong Chen , Yue Xiao , Zhendong Peng , Jing Zhu , Xia Lei , Christos Masouros , Kai-Kit Wong

Fluid antenna system (FAS) is an emerging technology that uses the new form of shape- and position-reconfigurable antennas to empower the physical layer for wireless communications. Prior studies on FAS were however limited to narrowband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Haoyang Li , Hao Xu , Han Xiao , Hyundong Shin , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang

Fluid antennas (FAs) is a promising technology for introducing flexibility and reconfigurability in wireless networks. Recent research efforts have highlighted the potential gains that can be achieved in comparison to conventional antennas.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-03 Constantinos Psomas , Peter J. Smith , Himal A. Suraweera , Ioannis Krikidis

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) emerges as an essential technique for overcoming spectrum congestion. However, the performance of traditional ISAC systems with fixed-position-antennas (FPA) is limited due to insufficient spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Tian Hao , Changxin Shi , Qingqing Wu , Bin Xia , Yinghong Guo , Lianghui Ding , Feng Yang

The widespread use of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) has propelled the development of advanced techniques on countering unauthorized UAV flights. However, the resistance of legal UAVs to illegal interference remains under-addressed. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 Zhuoran Li , Zhen Gao , Boyu Ning , Zhaocheng Wang

The fluid antenna system (FAS) has emerged as a new physical-layer concept to provide enhanced propagation conditions for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications over conventional fixed arrays. This work focuses on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-16 Wenxuan Sun , Mingjie Shao , Luteng Zhu , Yao Ge , Tong Zhang , Zhi Liu

Fluid antenna system (FAS)/movable antenna (MA) has emerged as a promising technology to fully exploit the spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs). In this paper, we propose a new rotatable antenna (RA) model, as a simplified implementation of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Qingjie Wu , Beixiong Zheng , Tiantian Ma , Rui Zhang

Energy beamforming (EB) is a key technique for achieving efficient radio-frequency (RF) transmission enabled wireless energy transfer (WET). By optimally designing the waveforms from multiple energy transmitters (ETs) over the wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Seunghyun Lee , Rui Zhang

Non-fixed flexible antenna architectures, such as fluid antenna system (FAS), movable antenna (MA), and pinching antenna, have garnered significant interest in recent years. Among them, rotatable antenna (RA) has emerged as a promising…

This paper proposes a hardware-software co-design approach to efficiently optimize beamforming and port selection in fluid antenna systems (FASs). To begin with, a fluid-antenna (FA)-enabled downlink multi-cell multiple-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Sai Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Yanan Du , Hanjiang Hong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

The fluid antenna system (FAS) refers to a family of reconfigurable antenna technologies that provide substantial spatial gains within a compact, predefined small space, thereby offering extensive degrees of freedom in the physical layer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhentian Zhang , Jian Dang , David Morales-Jimenez , Hao Jiang , Zaichen Zhang , Christos Masouros , Chan-Byoung Chae

Reconfigurable antennas possess the capability to dynamically adjust their fundamental operating characteristics, thereby enhancing system adaptability and performance. To fully exploit this flexibility in modern wireless communication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 Mengzhen Liu , Ming Li , Rang Liu , Qian Liu