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We present a deformable prototypical part network (Deformable ProtoPNet), an interpretable image classifier that integrates the power of deep learning and the interpretability of case-based reasoning. This model classifies input images by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Jon Donnelly , Alina Jade Barnett , Chaofan Chen

Vision language models (VLMs) are designed to extract relevant visuospatial information from images. Some research suggests that VLMs can exhibit humanlike scene understanding, while other investigations reveal difficulties in their ability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Sangeet Khemlani , Tyler Tran , Nathaniel Gyory , Anthony M. Harrison , Wallace E. Lawson , Ravenna Thielstrom , Hunter Thompson , Taaren Singh , J. Gregory Trafton

Recent vision foundation models (VFMs) have demonstrated proficiency in various tasks but require supervised fine-tuning to perform the task of semantic segmentation effectively. Benchmarking their performance is essential for selecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Tommie Kerssies , Daan de Geus , Gijs Dubbelman

The rapid development of Vision Foundation Models (VFMs), particularly Vision Transformers (ViT) and Segment Anything Model (SAM), has sparked significant advances in the field of medical image analysis. These models have demonstrated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-24 Pengchen Liang , Bin Pu , Haishan Huang , Yiwei Li , Hualiang Wang , Weibo Ma , Qing Chang

Foundation models or pre-trained models have substantially improved the performance of various language, vision, and vision-language understanding tasks. However, existing foundation models can only perform the best in one type of tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xinsong Zhang , Yan Zeng , Jipeng Zhang , Hang Li

In the context of image classification, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) first embed images into a set of human-understandable concepts, followed by an intrinsically interpretable classifier that predicts labels based on these intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Haifei Zhang , Patrick Barry , Eduardo Brandao

With abundant, unlabeled real faces, how can we learn robust and transferable facial representations to boost generalization across various face security tasks? We make the first attempt and propose FS-VFM, a scalable self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Gaojian Wang , Feng Lin , Tong Wu , Zhisheng Yan , Kui Ren

In meta-learning approaches, it is difficult for a practitioner to make sense of what kind of representations the model employs. Without this ability, it can be difficult to both understand what the model knows as well as to make meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Pedro Sandoval-Segura , Wallace Lawson

Although large-scale visual foundation models (VFMs) achieve remarkable performance in semantic understanding, they still underperform in instance-aware dense prediction tasks. They exhibit different biases in representation: for instance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yachan Guo , JoseLuis Gomez Zurita , Danna Xue , Yi Xiao , AntonioManuel Lopez Pena

Global Forecasting Models (GFM) that are trained across a set of multiple time series have shown superior results in many forecasting competitions and real-world applications compared with univariate forecasting approaches. One aspect of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Dilini Rajapaksha , Christoph Bergmeir , Rob J Hyndman

Video Foundation Models (ViFMs) aim to learn a general-purpose representation for various video understanding tasks. Leveraging large-scale datasets and powerful models, ViFMs achieve this by capturing robust and generic features from video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Neelu Madan , Andreas Moegelmose , Rajat Modi , Yogesh S. Rawat , Thomas B. Moeslund

The rapid emergence of foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs), has introduced a transformative paradigm in robotics. These models offer powerful capabilities in semantic understanding,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Muhammad Tayyab Khan , Ammar Waheed

Recently generating natural language explanations has shown very promising results in not only offering interpretable explanations but also providing additional information and supervision for prediction. However, existing approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Wangchunshu Zhou , Jinyi Hu , Hanlin Zhang , Xiaodan Liang , Maosong Sun , Chenyan Xiong , Jian Tang

Visual Foundation Models (VFMs) are becoming ubiquitous in computer vision, powering systems for diverse tasks such as object detection, image classification, segmentation, pose estimation, and motion tracking. VFMs are capitalizing on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sandeep Gupta , Roberto Passerone

Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) have become the cornerstone of modern computer vision, offering robust representations across a wide array of tasks. While recent advances allow these models to handle varying input sizes during training,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Bocheng Zou , Mu Cai , Mark Stanley , Dingfu Lu , Yong Jae Lee

Foundation models have become a dominant paradigm in machine learning, achieving remarkable performance across diverse tasks through large-scale pretraining. However, these models often yield overconfident, uncalibrated predictions. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Mehmet Ozgur Turkoglu , Dominik J. Mühlematter , Alexander Becker , Konrad Schindler , Helge Aasen

The advent of foundation models, which are pre-trained on vast datasets, has ushered in a new era of computer vision, characterized by their robustness and remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities. Mirroring the transformative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xu Liu , Tong Zhou , Yuanxin Wang , Yuping Wang , Qinjingwen Cao , Weizhi Du , Yonghuan Yang , Junjun He , Yu Qiao , Yiqing Shen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in complex visual understanding across scientific and reasoning tasks. While performance benchmarking has advanced our understanding of these capabilities, the critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Asif Azad , Mohammad Sadat Hossain , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , M Saifur Rahman , Md Rizwan Parvez

Foundation models leverage large-scale pretraining to capture extensive knowledge, demonstrating generalization in a wide range of language tasks. By comparison, vision foundation models (VFMs) often exhibit uneven improvements across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Shiqi Huang , Yipei Wang , Natasha Thorley , Alexander Ng , Shaheer Saeed , Mark Emberton , Shonit Punwani , Veeru Kasivisvanathan , Dean Barratt , Daniel Alexander , Yipeng Hu

Autoregression in large language models (LLMs) has shown impressive scalability by unifying all language tasks into the next token prediction paradigm. Recently, there is a growing interest in extending this success to vision foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Shenghao Xie , Wenqiang Zu , Mingyang Zhao , Duo Su , Shilong Liu , Ruohua Shi , Guoqi Li , Shanghang Zhang , Lei Ma